Canine feline exam 3 study guides

What can a licensed veterinary technician do regarding dental cleaning

Remove calculus, plaque, and stains. Smooth teeth, file and polish.

Vestibular

The external surface of the tooth (facing the lips or cheeks)

Buccal

Tooth surface facing the cheek. (Towards the cheek.)

Labial

Tooth surface facing the lips (towards the lips)

Facial

Tooth surface that faces the cheeks or lips

Lingual

Tooth surface facing the tongue (towards the tongue)

Palatal

Tooth surface facing the palate (Towards the palate)

Mesial

Tooth surface facing towards the midline of the mouth

Distal

Tooth surface facing away from the midline of the mouth

Apical

Related to or closest to the root tip or apex

Coronal

The crown of the tooth. The portion above the gumline.

What are the carnassial teeth?

Largest teeth in the mouth. Fourth upper premolar and first lower molar.

What are some things evaluated in oral exam?

Extraoral structures: Head, neck, face. Intraoral structures like the soft tissues of the oral cavity, and their supporting structures.

What is the furcation on teeth?

Part of the multi-rooted tooth where the root divides into more sections.

What is the proper way to hold dental instruments

Like a pen/pencil.

What are periodontal probes used for

Sulcus and pocket depths.

What does the dental explorer asses?

To determine the completeness of treatment after calculus debridement and ensure smooth transitions of dental restoratives.

What condition does the patient need to be in to take intraoral radiographs?

If there is a condition that isn’t clinically visible in the mouth. Like absorbed root tips, retained root tips, fractures, etc.

What are two techniques used for radiographing teeth

The paralleling technique and the Bisecting technique.

4 components of the periodontium

The periodontal ligament, gingival connective tissue, alveolar bone forming the tooth socket, the cementum covering the tooth surface of the root.

Plaque vs tartat

Plaque is a soft, sticky film from bacteria, saliva, and food, that can be easily removed. Tatar/calculus is a hardened plaque that has been mineralized and is harder to remove.

Gingivitis vs periodontitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gingiva, while periondontal is the inflammation of the gingiva and other periodontal structures.

Which scaler is more useful for removal plaque and calculus?

The ultrasonic scaler

PPE for ultrasonic scaler

Gloves, eyes protection, mask, gown.

What angle should be avoided when using a scaler (power)

A closed angle should be avoided because that will just smooth out the calculus instead of removing it.

Scaler vs curette?

Scalers are designed to be used on crown of tooth, while curates are designed to be used subgingivally.

Why do we polish teeth?

To smooth surfaces that have been microscopically scratched during the scaling and removing any stains not removed by the hand or power scaler.

What is the precaution to using the rotating rubber cups for polishing?

They can heat up and injure the pulp, so should only be used on a low rpm and with adequate paste.

3 phases of wound healing

Inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.

What type of cell predominates the 1st and 2nd phases.

Mature neutrophils first and then fibroblasts.

How long does the inflammatory phase last?

3-5 days

What is a contaminated wound?

A wound greater than 6 hours old and has >105 bacteria per gram of tissue.

Infected wound

If the bacterial count is greater then 100,000 organisms per gram of tissue

How does a penrose drain work?

It is a passive drain that functions by allowing fluids to flow along the drain surface as a result of capillary action.

What is the goal of drains?

Reducing dead space and removing exudate fluid.

Another name for a pressure sore?

Decubital ulcer.

Wound “Lavage”

Washing or flushing out the wound with lots of isotonic fluids.

Wound “Debridement”

Removal of the dead tissue.

What is Primary intention wound healing?

Where opposing wound edges are brought together using sutures or bandages. Usually fresh wounds.

What is secondary intention wound healing?

Delayed closure due to contamination older then 6-8 hours. Basically allowed to granulate wound close.

What is third intention wound healing?

When secondary granulation occurs then the wound is freshened and closed by primary closure.

Signs of infection

Heat, swelling, redness, fever, maybe purulent discharge.

5 types of wounds

Abrasions, lacerations, Degloving (large section of skin is removed), bite wounds (punctures/tears), burns, and Decubital ulcers/pressure sores.

What is granulation tissue?

New connective tissue that forms on a wound and creates a surface for re-epitheliazation and is a source of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, and new blood vessels.