MCQs dental prevention

INTRODUCTION OF DENTAL PREVENTION

Aim of dental prevention is maintain the individual's oral health by prevention and control of the oral diseases
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Basic directions are prevention of dental caries, prevention of periodontal diseases and prevention of oro-facial deformancies.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Prevention types according to the subject are-primary, secondary and tertiary.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Types of prevention according to the aims (by WHO) are-primary, secondary and tertiary.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

There are three types of prevention according to Axelsson are-primary, secondary and tertiary.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Primary prevention is:
а) prevention of the disease complications
b) prevention of the initiation of the disease
c) restoration of the lesions
d) saving the individual health

b) prevention of the initiation of the disease

Secondary prevention is:
а) prevention of the disease complications
b) prevention of the initiation of the disease
c) restoration of the lesions
d) saving the individual health

a) prevention of the disease complications

According to the subject, the prevention are:
а) individual-based and group-based prevention
b) individual-based, group-based and population-based prevention
c) individual-based and population-based prevention
d) individual-based, general-based and population prevention

b) individual-based, group-based and population-based prevention

Group- based prevention is:
а) directed to large community groups with massive application of preventive methods and resources
b) directed to the single individual
c) directed to groups of individuals, grouped according to different characteristics (age, place of living, social status, etc)
d) directed to all children

c) directed to groups of individuals, grouped according to different characteristics (age, place of living, social status, etc)

Population-based prevention is:
а) directed to large community groups with massive application of preventive methods and resources
b) directed to the single individual
c) directed to groups of individuals,grouped according to different characteristics(age,place of living,social status,etc)
d) directed to all children

а) directed to large community groups with massive application of preventive methods and resources

According to the selection of the groups and the preventive methods are:
а) individual-based,group-based and population-based prevention
b) individual-based and complex prevention
c) selective and complex prevention
d) selective and population prevention

c) selective and complex prevention

Dental prevention strategies are:
а) formation of resistant structure, reduction and control of the local cariogenic factors
b) formation of resistant structure, reduction and control of the local cariogenic factors and prevention of the transmission of the cariogenic microorganisms
c) reduction and control of the local cariogenic factors and prevention of the transmission of the cariogenic microorganisms
d) reduction and control of the local cariogenic factors

b) formation of resistant structure, reduction and control of the local cariogenic factors and prevention of the transmission of the cariogenic microorganisms

Forms of prevention for preventing of cariogenic microorganisms\` transmission are:
а) oral hygiene and oral health promotion
b) oral hygiene with fluoride-containing toothpastes and mineralizing agents
c) dietary and fluoride prevention
d) preventive fissure covering and oral health promotion

а) oral hygiene and oral health promotion

Reduction and control of the local cariogenic factors is done by:
а) the applying of preventive measures that lead to the reduction of the harmful impact of pathogenic environment
b) increasing the knowledge of the pregnant woman about her and child's oral health
c) the applying of preventive measures that stimulate the optimal formation of teeth and periodontal structure
d) the applying of preventive measures that stimulating a greater resistance to the pathogenic environment

а) the applying of preventive measures that lead to the reduction of the harmful impact of pathogenic environment

Prevention of the cariogenic microorganisms\` transmission is done by:
а) the applying of preventive measures that lead to the reduction of the harmful impact of pathogenic environment
b) increasing the knowlenge of the pregnant woman about her and child's oral health
c) the applying of preventive measures that stimulate the optimal formation of teeth and periodontal structure
d) the applying of preventive measures that stimulating a greater resistance to the pathogenic environment

b) increasing the knowlenge of the pregnant woman about her and child's oral health

Secondary etiologic factors are the direct cause of dental caries
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Secondary etiologic factors determine the impact degree of the primary factors
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Secondary etiologic factors are enamel resistance, microorgansms, carbohydrates and time.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Combination of primary and secondary etiologic factors varies between the individuals, which determines the individual differences in the initiation and development of the carious process
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Fluorides intake during the hystiogenesis ensures the formation of larger crystals, more fluorapatite and a higher resistance of the tooth hard tissues.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Etiology studies:
а) the mechanisms of initiation of the carious process
b) the causes for the disease initiation
c) the mechanisms of development of the carious process
d) the mechanisms of speading of the carious process

b) the causes for the disease initiation

Dental caries is usually seen more rarely in children from:
а) low social status families
b) midle social status families
c) high social status families
d) b + c

c) high social status families
d) b + c

??

Fluorides intake during the hystiogenesis ensures:
а) the formation of larger crystals
b) more fluorapatite
c) a higher resistance of the hard dental tissues
d) a + b + c

d) a + b + c

Geographic and climate factors are:
а) primary etiologic factors for dental caries development
b) secondary etiologic factors for dental caries development
c) doesn´t influence the development of the caries
d) b + c

b) secondary etiologic factors for dental caries development

Environment of the tooth are:
а) primary etiologic factors for dental caries development
b) secondary etiologic factors for dental caries development
c) doesn´t influence the development of the caries
d) b + c

b) secondary etiologic factors for dental caries development

Primary etiologic factors are the direct cause of dental caries
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Secondary etiologic factors determine the impact degree of the primary factors.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Primary etiologic factors are enamel resistance, microorgamisms, carbohydrates and time.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Secondary factors are heredity, family characteristics, environment of the tooth and environment of the individual.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Factors determining the enamel resistance are enamel composition and enamel morphology.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Who microorganisms has the highest cariogenic potential:
а) Streptococcus mutans
b) Lactobacillus acidophilus
c) Streptococcus sanguinus
d) Actinomyces viscosus

а) Streptococcus mutans

Streptococcus sanguinus has following features:
а) metabolizes glucose to acids, does not produce dextrans and does not metabolize in an acidic environment
b) metabolizes glucose to acids
c) produce dextrans and metabolize in an acidic environment
d) b +c

а) metabolizes glucose to acids, does not produce dextrans and does not metabolize in an acidic environment

PH- decrease depends on:
а) microbial composition of dental plaque
b) microbial composition of dental plaque, carbohydrates' type and diffusion of the metabolic products in the dental plaque
c) diffusion of the metabolic products in the dental plaque
d) a + c

b) microbial composition of dental plaque, carbohydrates' type and diffusion of the metabolic products in the dental plaque

Levans are:
а) insoluble extracellular polysaccharides
b) soluble extracellular polysaccharides
c) insoluble intracellular polysaccharides
d) soluble intracellular polysaccharides

b) soluble extracellular polysaccharides

According to the ecologic plaque hypothesis:
а) all of the microorganisms' species take part in carious process, despite of the fact that some of them predominate
b) only some of the microbial species take part in the carious process
c) dental caries is caused by a change in the balance of the residential microorganisms in the dental plaque as a consequence of changes in the local conditions
d) in the carious process take part Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sanguinus and Actinomyces viscosus

c) dental caries is caused by a change in the balance of the residential microorganisms in the dental plaque as a consequence of changes in the local conditions

According to the nonspecific plaque hypothesis:
а) all of the microorganisms' species take part in carious process, despite of the fact that some of them predominate
b) only some of the microbial species take part in the carious process
c) dental caries is caused by a change in the balance of the residential microorganisms in the dental plaque as a consequence of changes in the local conditions
d) in the carious process take part Streptococcus mutans,Streptococcus sanguinus and Actinomyces viscosus

а) all of the microorganisms' species take part in carious process, despite of the fact that some of them predominate

The enamel physiology depend on:
а) surface layer composition and carbonates and citrates' levels
b) Ca-P proportion and crystals' formation level
c) apatite crystal's reactive surface and condition of the pulp
d) pits and fissures expression

c) apatite crystal's reactive surface and condition of the pulp

The enamel morphology depend on:
а) surface layer composition and carbonates and citrates' levels
b) Ca-P proportion and crystals' formation level
c) apatite crystal's reactive surface and condition of the pulp
d) pits and fissures expression, supernumerous cusps and hypoplastic defects

d) pits and fissures expression, supernumerous cusps and hypoplastic defects

Dental caries is:
а) a multifactorial disease, a result of the simultaneous and interdependable action of a group of etiologic factors
b) a multifactorial disease
c) a result of the simultaneous and interdependable action of a group of etiologic factors
d) different in different kind of individs

а) a multifactorial disease, a result of the simultaneous and interdependable action of a group of etiologic factors

Most easily metabolized to acids,that is why they possess the highest cariogenic potential:
а) monosaccharides
b) monosaccharides and disaccharides
c) polysaccharides
d) disaccharides and polysaccharides

b) monosaccharides and disaccharides

Enamel metabolism are posteruptive mineralization,demineralization and remineralisation
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

The hydroxyapatite of the enamel is called "a biologic apatite".
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Fluorapatite is the most soluble ones
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Disintegration of the crystals is carried out through peripheral and perforating lysis.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Contemporary concept of dental caries pathogenesis initially the inorganic compound of the enamel is attacked.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

According to the acid-demineralization theories:
a) microorganisms by their metabolic products or enzymes, metabolize carbohydrates to acids, which decompositions the enamel
b) primary decomposition is a result of a chelatic demineralization
c) carious process begins with breaking of the binding between the organic and inorganic compounds
d) explains dental caries as a result of an altered saliva after physico-chemical changes in the oral cavity.

a) microorganisms by their metabolic products or enzymes, metabolize carbohydrates to acids, which decompositions the enamel

According to the proteolytic- chelation theory:
а) microorganisms by their metabolic products or enzymes, metabolize carbohydrates to acids, which decompositions the enamel.
b) primary decomposition is a result of a chelatic demineralization
c) carious process begins with breaking of the binding between the organic and inorganic compounds
d) explains dental caries as a result of an altered saliva after physico-chemical changes in the oral cavity.

c) carious process begins with breaking of the binding between the organic and inorganic compounds

According to the demineralizational theories:
а) microorganisms by their metabolic products or enzymes, metabolize carbohydrates to acids, which decompositions the enamel.
b) primary decomposition is a result of a chelatic demineralization
c) carious process begins with breaking of the binding between the organic and inorganic compounds
d) explains dental caries as a result of an altered saliva after physico-chemical changes in the oral cavity.

b) primary decomposition is a result of a chelatic demineralization

The most soluble apatite:
а) hydroxyapatite
b) fluorapatite
c) carbonates
d) a + b + c

b) fluorapatite

The least soluble apatite:
а) hydroxyapatite
b) fluorapatite
c) carbonates
d) a + b + c

c) carbonates

a??

Amount changes which lead posteruptive mineralization:
а) increase of the mineral amount
b) carbonates are replaced by phosphates
c) carbonapatite and phosphatapatite are transformed into fluorapatite
d) mineral transform from amorphous into crystal state

а) increase of the mineral amount

Quality changes which lead posteruptive mineralization:
а) increase of the mineral amount
b) carbonapatite and phosphatapatite are transformed into fluorapatite
c) decrease of the proteins
d) increase of the Ca, P, F amounts

b) carbonapatite and phosphatapatite are transformed into fluorapatite

Mechanism which lead remineralization:
а) restoring of demineralized crystals
b) new crystal formation
c) deposition of inorganic precipitate
d) a + b + c

d) a + b + c

Critical pH is:
а) 5,75
b) 5,5
c) 6
d) 6,5

b) 5,5

Enamel metabolism are:
a) posteruptive mineralization
b) demineralization
c) remineralization
d) a + b + c

d) a + b + c

The caries lesion stars from the surface of the tooth and progresses affecting the enamel, dentin and cement
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

The caries lesion is getting developed under the dental plaque
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

In the early stage of the caries lesion development, the superficial aprismatic layer stays unattached, due its regeneration.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

In the first stage of the caries lesion in the enamel:
а) The superficial layer is unattached
b) The superficial layer is impaired
c) The body of the lesion is formed

а) The superficial layer is unattached

In the second stage of the caries lesion in the enamel:
а) The body of the lesion is not formed
b) The body of the lesion is formed
c) The superficial layer is impaired

b) The body of the lesion is formed

In the third stage of the caries lesion in the enamel:
а) the size of the caries lesion is increased
b) the size of the caries lesion is not increased
c) The superficial layer is unattached

b) the size of the caries lesion is not increased

In the dark zone of the enamel caries lesion:
а) the amount of Са and Р is decreased
b) the amount of Са and Р is increased
c) the amount of Са and Р is not changed

а) the amount of Са and Р is decreased

The caries lesion in the fissures is developed:
а) from the walls of the fissures
b) from the bottom of the fissures
c) from the walls and the bottom of the fissures

c) from the walls and the bottom of the fissures

The caries lesion located on the smooth surfaces has a form of a conus, which has:
а) base towards the dentin
b) base towards the enamel surface
c) apex towards the enamel surface

b) base towards the enamel surface

The body of the enamel caries lesion is getting formed in:
а) First stage
b) Second stage
c) Third stage

b) Second stage

In chronic caries lesions pericanalicular dentin is getting increased
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Obliteration of the dentinal tubules is a protective reaction of dentin
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

The caries lesion in the dentin has 3 zones.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

In the first zone of the dentin caries lesion :
а) the dentin is unattached
b) the dentin is decomposed
c) sclerosis of tubules.

b) the dentin is decomposed

What can be found in second zone of the dentin caries lesion:
а) bacterial invasion
b) fatty degeneration
c) sclerosis of tubules

а) bacterial invasion

The third zone of dentin caries lesion is zone of:
а) demineralization
b) bacterial invasion
c) normal unattached dentin

а) demineralization

Which of the reactions is not characteristic for dentin caries lesion?
а) dystrophic changes in the odontoblast proceses
b) active demineralization
c) negative reaction of Ca

c) negative reaction of Ca

In which stage, dentin caries caverns can be found:
а) first stage
b) second stage
c) third stage

b) second stage

The caries lesion developed in the dentin has e conus shape which has:
а) base towards the DEJ
b) base towards the pulp
c) apex towards the enamel surface

а) base towards the DEJ

How many are the zones of the dentin caries process:
а) 4
b) 5
c) 6

b) 5

For visualization of dental plaque, different solutions and tablets can be used?
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

One component or twocomponent means can be used for visualization of dental plaque
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

In children less than three years old, plaque visualization agent should beapplied with cotton pledge
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Most common used plaque visualization agents are?
а) metilen blue
b) Iodine
c) Gencian violet
d) a + b + c

d) a + b + c

Second score of Greene and Vermilion index shows:
а) dental plaque covering not more than 1/3 of the surface
b) dental plaque covering from 1/3 to 2/3 of the surface
c) dental plaque covering more than 2/3 of the surface

b) dental plaque covering from 1/3 to 2/3 of the surface

The last score of Feodorov-Volodkina index shows:
а) dental plaque covering the hall dental surface
b) dental plaque covering 1/2 of the surface
c) dental plaque covering 1/3 of the surface

а) dental plaque covering the hall dental surface

How many are the scores in Quigley Hein index?
а) 4
b) 5
c) 6

b) 5

Which are the indications for plaque visualization:
а) motivation for personal oral hygiene
b) Self evaluations and control of personal oral hygiene
c) Evaluation of the effect of hygiene methods and means
d) a + b + c

d) a + b + c

Which index assesses the thickness of the dental plaque?
а) Silnes and Loe index
b) Quigley Hein
c) Greene and Vermilion

а) Silnes and Loe index

Which are the examined teeth in Feodorov-Volodkina index:
а) 43,42,41,31,32,33.
b) 16,11,26, 36,31, 46
c) 11,12,13, 21,22,23

а) 43,42,41,31,32,33

(( b \= Quigley Hein ))

The mouthwash can be successfully applied independently as a method of control of the dental plaque in childhood.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Fluoride toothpaste is not recommended for children under 6 years of age
a. Yes b. No

b. No

In children up to 3 years of age, the teeth are brushed with the participation of a parent.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

After 3 years of age brushing of the teeth can be done independently by the child and without parental control.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

Which is the correct statement about the chemical control of the dental plaque with mouthwash in childhood:
a) It may be administered alone as a mean of oral hygiene
b) It is only effective when it starts as early as possible in childhood.
c) It is a sufficient oral hygiene method during the period before the child can brush its teeth alone.
d) It must be appropriate to the age of the child and the possibility of ingestion of the agent.

d) It must be appropriate to the age of the child and the possibility of ingestion of the agent

Which is the incorrect statement about the use of toothpastes in children
a) Toothpastes are often in gel form
b) They are usually highly abrasive to remove the plaque more effectively.
c) Toothpastes usually have fruity aromas
d) They have an age-appropriate fluoride content.

b) They are usually highly abrasive to remove the plaque more effectively.

Which is the incorrect statement regarding oral hygiene care in infancy:
a) The mucous membrane is cleaned with a gauze soaked in water or a special cloth to prevent acidic conditions that may lead to candidiasis.
b) Before the teeth erupt, the mucous membrane is cleaned with gauze soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide daily.
c) The first erupted teeth can be cleaned with a silicone thimble, special cloth or gauze soaked in water.
d) Toothbrush is used with care by parents to avoid injury.

b) Before the teeth erupt, the mucous membrane is cleaned with gauze soaked in 3% hydrogen peroxide daily.

Which is the correct statement about maintaining good oral hygiene in school age:
a) Tooth brushing is only achieved with horizontal movements.
b) The use of mouthwash is not recommended because of the risk of ingestion.
c) Toothpaste must not contain more than 1000 ppm F.
d) The use of dental floss and interdental brushes is recommended.

d) The use of dental floss and interdental brushes is recommended.

Which is the correct statement about maintaining good oral hygiene in preschool age:
a) Parental control is optional if the child has mastered the habit of brushing their teeth.
b) Antibacterial mouthwash is a good alternative to brushing when the child is tired or does not want to brush their teeth.
c) The use of dental floss with a holder under the supervision of a parent is recommended.
d) After 3 years of age, the use of a toothpaste of 1500 ppm F is permitted provided the amount is pea-sized.

c) The use of dental floss with a holder under the supervision of a parent is recommended.

Which is the correct statement about maintaining good oral hygiene in teenagers:
a) It is advisable to use toothpaste with up to 1000 ppm F.
b) Oral hygiene habits are established, but frequent remotivation is required to maintain them.
c) The risk of developing caries is low since permanent teeth have just erupted.
d) Antibacterial mouthwash is prohibited due to risk of ingestion.

b) Oral hygiene habits are established, but frequent remotivation is required to maintain them.

The determination of the oral-hygiene status of the patient is an important stage of the professional oral hygiene
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

Chewing gums cannot control plaque chemicaly.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

The mechanical control of dental plaque in children begins after the formation of a complete primary dentition.
a. Yes b. No

b. No

An electric brush is a good choice for a child's first toothbrush.
a. Yes b. No

a. Yes

What is the most appropriate mean for mechanical control of the interdental plaque during the period of primary dentition:
а) toothpicks
b) oral irigator
c) dental floss with a holder
d) interdental brushes

c) dental floss with a holder