Rwanda - Paper 1 for History

Rwandan Genocide

A mass slaughter of Tutsi civilians and moderate Hutus by Hutu extremists in Rwanda from April to June 1994, resulting in approximately 800,000 to over 1 million deaths.

Habyarimana's Coup

A military takeover led by General Habyarimana in 1973, establishing the Second Republic of Rwanda and suppressing opposition.

Hutu Ten Commandments

A pamphlet published in 1990 promoting Hutu supremacy and dehumanizing Tutsis, deemed instrumental in inciting violence during the genocide.

UNAMIR

The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, tasked with monitoring the peace process and intervening in the escalating violence during the genocide.

RTLM

Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines, a radio station known for promoting anti-Tutsi propaganda and inciting violence during the Rwandan genocide.

Arusha Peace Agreements

A set of agreements aimed at ending the Rwandan Civil War and establishing a power-sharing government between the Hutu-led government and the RPF.

Interahamwe

A Hutu militia group formed in 1991, responsible for coordinating and executing mass killings during the Rwandan genocide.

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR)

A UN court established in 1994 to prosecute those responsible for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of international law.

Gacaca Courts

Community-based courts established in Rwanda for the purpose of trial and reconciliation following the genocide, emphasizing confessions and reparations.

Operation Turquoise

French-led military operation in June 1994, intended to establish a safe zone for refugees during the Rwandan genocide, criticized for protecting Hutu perpetrators.