hugo quiz

cultural hearth

the geographic origin of a culture or cultural trait. Traits first diffuse from the cultural hearth.

Diffusion

The movement or spread of cultural traits, knowledge, ideas, trends from hearths to other geographic areas. Two major categories

relocation diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait through the migration of people.

expansion diffusion

The spread of an idea, cultural trait, or innovation through the interaction between people. There are three subtypes of expansion diffusion

contagious diffusion

A cultural trait spreads rapidly, widely, equally, and continuously from its hearth through close contact between people.

hierarchal diffusion

The spread of cultural traits from the most interconnected, powerful, wealthy people/organizations down to others.

reverse hierarchal

The spread of cultural traits from the least interconnected, wealthy, or powerful people/organizations outwards.

stimulus diffusion

As cultural traits spread they are altered/modified due to a cultural barrier, taboo, or difference. Can also be the spread of an underlying principle even though the characteristic itself does not spread.

Imperialism

The dominance of one country over another country through diplomacy or force.

Colonialism

When a powerful country establishes settlements in a less powerful country for economic and/or political gain.

Neocolonialism

“New” colonialism - term to describe how in more modern times, imperialism can be pursued through the assertion of political, economic and cultural influence rather than occupation.

Trade

People interact in order to buy and sell goods - interaction results in the exchange of culture and ideas.

Pidgin Language

An extremely simplified, limited non-native language used by two people that speak two different languages.

Creole Language

A pidgin language that develops into a new combined language with native speakers. Frequently developed through settings of colonization or slavery.

Lingua Franca

is a common language used by speakers of two different languages for communication. Usually for business, trade, commerce or in popular culture.

Dialects

are variations in accent, grammar, usage and spelling and develop out of geographic distance or isolation.

Official Language

is used by the government of a country for laws, reports, signs, public objects, money, stamps.

Small scale

Travel. When they visit other cultures the bring those experiences home with them and that contact can alter the travelers own ideas

Large scale

globalization and urbanization

Globalization

world wars, multinational business, and advanced technologies like the internet

Urbanization

more than ½ live in cities. This affects culture change due to diversity of cities. People are exposed to other cultures.

Friction of distance

As a cultural trait diffuses, the people who adopt it might alter it - think of the game telephone. Things change over distance and time.