A&P Ch. 3 - Integumentary and the Study of the Skin

Bone (connective)

Adipose (connective)

Neuron and Glial cells (nervous)

Blood (connective)

Simple cuboidal epithelial

Columnar epithelial

Skeletal muscle

Hyaline cartilage

Stratified squamous epithelial

Areolar (connective)

Pseudostratified ciliated epithelial

Stratified cuboidal epithelial

Smooth muscle

Dense regular connective

Cardiac muscle

Tissue

Groups of similar cells with a common function — perform specific tasks (protection, support, movement, etc.); Located throughout the body.

Organ

Two or more tissue types working together — perform specialized body functions (ex

Epithelial Tissue

Cells tightly packed, little extracellular material, avascular, high regeneration. Located on surfaces, lining cavities, and in glands.

Simple Squamous

Flat, thin cells — diffusion and filtration; Located in lungs, capillaries, kidneys.

Simple Cuboidal

Cube-shaped cells — secretion and absorption; Located in kidneys and glands.

Simple Columnar (non-ciliated)

Absorption and secretion (mucus); Located in digestive tract.

Simple Columnar (ciliated)

Moves mucus or eggs; Located in respiratory tract, fallopian tubes.

Pseudostratified (ciliated)

Secretes and moves mucus; Located in trachea.

Pseudostratified (non-ciliated)

Located in male reproductive tract.

Stratified Squamous (keratinized)

Protection from abrasion and water loss; Located in skin.

Stratified Squamous (non-keratinized)

Protection; Located in mouth, esophagus, vagina.

Stratified Cuboidal

Protection and secretion; Located in sweat glands.

Stratified Columnar

Protection and secretion; Located in male urethra.

Transitional epithelium

Stretching; Located in bladder.

Glandular Epithelium (endocrine vs exocrine)

Endocrine glands secrete hormones into blood (no ducts); Exocrine glands secrete onto surfaces through ducts (sweat, saliva).

Connective Tissue

Cells and extracellular matrix

Fibroblasts

Make fibers and ground substance.

Macrophages

Perform phagocytosis; digest cellular debris.

Plasma Cells

Make antibodies.

Mast Cells

Release histamine.

Chondrocytes

Found in cartilage.

Osteocytes

Found in bone.

Adipocytes

Store fat.

Blood Cells:

RBC

WBC

Platelets

RBCs carry oxygen, WBCs for immunity, platelets for clotting.

Extracellular Matrix : collagen, elastic, reticular

Fibers (collagen = strength, elastic = stretch, reticular = support) and ground substance (fills space, supports cells).

Non cellular component of tissues.

Areolar Tissue

Binds skin to organs, cushions.

Adipose Tissue

Stores fat, insulates.

Reticular Tissue

Supports soft organs (spleen, lymph nodes).

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Parallel collagen fibers; tendons and ligaments.

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Irregular collagen; strong in multiple directions; found in dermis.

Elastic Connective Tissue

Stretchy; found in large arteries and lungs.

Hyaline Cartilage

Smooth support; found in nose, trachea, ends of bones.

Fibrocartilage

Shock absorption; found in intervertebral discs and knees.

Elastic Cartilage

Flexibility; found in ear and epiglottis.

Bone (Osseous Tissue)

Support, protection, stores minerals. Involved in producing blood cells.

Blood

Transports gases, nutrients, and wastes.

Skeletal Muscle

Striated, voluntary, multinucleate; moves bones.

Smooth Muscle

No striations, involuntary; found in walls of organs.

Cardiac Muscle

Striated, involuntary, intercalated discs; found in heart.

Neurons

Transmit nerve impulses.

Glia Cells

Support, protect, and nourish neurons.

Cutaneous Membrane

Skin; protection.

Serous Membrane

Lines cavities; reduces friction.

Mucous Membrane

Lines passages open to outside; secretes mucus.

Synovial Membrane

Lines joint cavities; secretes synovial fluid for lubrication.