Model 7 Anatomy mizzou Exam 2

Orbicularis ORIS (lips)

Sphincter/circular and pucker/closer lips

Orbicularis OCULI (eyes)

Sphincter/circular and closes eyelid

Both these muscles attach to the skin mouth or eye

Orbicularis oris and oculi

Zygomaticus major Action

Elevates corners of the mouth (smiles) :)

Zygomaticus major Attachment

Bone and skin or mouth

Depressor anguli oris Action

Depresses the corners of the mouth (frown) muscle :(

Depressor anguli oris Attachments

Mandible and skin of mouth

Frontalis (epicranial aponeurosis) Functions:

Raises Eyebrows

Frontalis Attachments:

Frontal bone and epicranial aponeurosis

Buccinator Functions

Tightens the cheeks

Buccinator important role is

Mastication - holds food within teeth during chewing

Buccinator attachments

Mandible/maxilla and withing the skin of face

Eye muscle: Lateral rectus

Abducts

Medial rectus

Adducts

Eye muscle: Inferior Oblique

Elevates and Abducts

Eye muscle: Superior Oblique

Depresses and Abducts

Eye muscle: Superior rectus

Elevates and Adducts

Eye muscle: Inferior rectus

Depresses and Adducts

Temporalis Actions

Elevates and retracts mandible (closes jaw)

Temporalis Attachments

Lateral cranium and coronoid process of mandible

Masseter Action:

Elevates and protracts mandible (closes jaw)

Masseter Attachment:

Zygomatic arch and mandible

Medial and Lateral Pterygoids Action

Elevates and protracts mandible; side to side grinding

Medial and Lateral Pterygoids Attachments:

Sphenoid and mandible

The lateral pterygoid is superficial to the

Medial pterygoid

Genioglossus (chin) Action

Protracts (protrudes) tongue

Genioglossus (chin) Attachment

Mandible and posterior part of the tongue

Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) or side of the neck - Action

Unilateral: flexes head laterally

Bilateral: flexes head/neck towards sternum

Sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) or side of the neck - Attachment

Mastoid process and clavicle and sternum

Suprahyoid muscles Actions

Elevates hyoid during swallowing and speaking

Suprahyoid muscles Attachments

Hyoid mandible or temporal bone

Located above hyoid

Infrahyoid muscles Actions

Depresses hydroid during the end of swallowing

Infrahyoid muscles Attachments

Hyoid sternum. Located deep to sternocleidomastoid and below hyoid

Diaphragm

Main muscles of respirations

Diaphragm inspiration

Diaphragm contract (depresses) increases size of thoracic cavity)

Diaphragm Expiration

Diaphragm relaxes

Thoracic cavity decrease in size

Diaphragm Attachments

Inside body wall & ribs, central tendon. It has hiatuses (openings) for the aorta. inferior vena cava and esophagus

External intercostal muscles

Elevate ribs, inspiration, muscle fibers run inferomedial between ribs

Internal intercostal muscles

Depress ribs, expiration (forced) muscle fibers run superomedial

Rectus Abdominis

midline

External oblique

lateral

Internal Oblique

Deep to external oblique

Transversus abdominis

Deep to internal oblique

Rectus Abdominis Actions

Flexes Trunk

Rectus Abdominis Attachments

Pubis, ribs and xiphoid process. Fibers run superior/inferior

External & Internal obliques

Fibers run obliquely

External & Internal obliques Actions

Flex and rotate trunk

External & Internal obliques Attachments

Lower ribs, pelvis and linear alba

Transversus abdominis

Deepest abdominal muscles; fibers horizontally

Transversus abdominis Actions

Compresses abdominal cavity

Transversus abdominis attachments

Posterior body wall, anterior body wall

Linea alba is the

Midline tendon of the rectus abdominis

Hernia is

Protrusion of abdominal viscera through a weekended point in the abdominal wall

An Inguinal Hernia is

A protrusion of the viscera into the inguinal canal, a week spot where the spermatic cord travels. (most common in males)

Erector spinae muscles Actions: Bilateral

Extend trunk, neck, head

Erector spinae muscles Actions: Unilateral

Laterally flex trunk, neck, head

Erector spinae muscles Attachments

Pelvis, ribs, vertebrae and cranium

Erector spinae muscles (back) includes

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis (I L S)

What does intrinsic mean

They are located on the back and act on the back

Levator ani Attachments

Ischium & pubis to scrum & coccyx

Levator ani Support

Pelvic viscera (organs)

Levator ani Openings

For urethra, anus and vagina

Coccygeus is located

Posteriorly

Coccygeus Attachments

Ischium and sacrum

Coccygeus Actions

Supports pelvic viscera

Why is surface anatomy important?

Connecting the outside appearance with the deep structures of the body to diagnosis of diseases and disorders

What is surfaces anatomy used for?

Taking pulse, drawing blood, physical therapy, etc.

Visual inspection

Look at body

Percussion

Tap structures to listen for vibrations

Palpation

Touch/pressure

Auscultation

Listen

Sternal angle

Things in thoracic cavity/mediastinum

Suprasternal angle

Where trunk meets neck

Xiphoid process

Palpate to locate place for chest compressions

Triangle of Auscultation (back)

Fewer layers of muscle, so it’s easier to hear respiratory sounds (lungs)

What are the borders for the triangle of auscultation

Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Latissimus dorsi

Cubital fossa (location of blood draw)

Median cubital vein, located on inside elbow

Radial Pulse

Located anatomic snuffbox, that is distal to radial styloid process, between tendons for two muscles of the forearm

The radial artery travels through

(wrist) so you can palpate pulse here

Gluteal muscles are

Very thick, good blood supply = good location for intermuscular injections

For intramuscular injection (IM) located

Superior and & lateral quadrant

At the Gluteal Region it’s likely to

Miss sciatic nerve, other nerves and vessels

Femoral Triangle

Contains femoral nerve, and artery and femoral vein

What can be inserted for femoral triangle?

Catheters (for angioplasty)

Femoral triangle: staunch Hemorrhage (Lower limb) borders

• Inguinal Ligament (superiorly)

• Sartorius muscle (laterally)

• Adductor Longus (medially)