Jose Rizal's Letters and Novels

These flashcards cover key concepts, titles, and characters from Jose Rizal's letters and novels, emphasizing themes and significant historical context.

Letter to the Young Women of Malolos

A letter written by Rizal commending the bravery of young women who petitioned for a night school to study Spanish.

Indolence

Rizal's essay discussing the reasons behind the perceived laziness of Filipinos, asserting it was not inherent but a consequence of social and political conditions.

Noli Me Tangere

Rizal's first novel exposing the ills of Filipino society during Spanish rule, subtitled 'Touch Me Not'.

El Filibusterismo

Rizal's second novel, a sequel to Noli Me Tangere, focusing on revolution and change in Filipino society.

Spartan model for mothers

Rizal's view that Filipino mothers should raise their children to serve the state, similar to Spartan mothers.

Social malady

Rizal's term to describe the decline of industriousness among Filipinos due to colonial oppression and the impact of laziness.

Education and liberty

Key factors identified by Rizal for achieving progress in the Philippines and overcoming indolence.

Cacique mentality

The term used to describe the attitude of Filipino elites who were subservient to Spanish authorities while enriching themselves.

Maria Clara

A character in Noli Me Tangere representing idealized Filipino womanhood, trained in convent values.

Simoun

The main character in El Filibusterismo, symbolizing the revolutionary spirit seeking to overthrow Spanish rule.

Filipina dignity and honor

Rizal urged Filipino women to protect and educate themselves to uphold their dignity and honor in society.

Freedom from oppression

A central theme in Rizal’s works, advocating for the rights and education of Filipinos against colonial rule.