Ch. 10

The measurement of the degree of tissue heat deep within the body.

Body temperature.

The result of blood that is pushed through the arterial system of the body by the beating heart.

Pulse .

The process involving the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the lungs.

Respiration .

The amount of blood flow ejected from the left ventricle during systole and the resistance met due to systemic vascular resistance.

Blood pressure

The most common anatomical site used to measure a patient's body temperature.

Mouth (Oral site).

The chemical used to thoroughly clean temperature instruments before and after each patient use.

Alcohol.

The average number of times a healthy adult heart contracts per minute.

60 to 100 beats per minute.

The primary pulse location at the base of the thumb in the wrist.

Radial artery

The specific fingers a sonographer must use to palpate a pulse to avoid sensing their own heartbeat.

Index and middle fingers

The specialized device used to obtain a fetal pulse.

Doppler device.

The pulse point located on the side of the face near the ear.

Temporal artery

The pulse point located behind the knee.

Popliteal artery (as shown in [SOURCE_IMAGE_3]).

The pulse point located on the top of the foot.

Dorsalis pedis artery (as shown in [SOURCE_IMAGE_5]).

The pulse point located on the inner side of the ankle.

Posterior tibial artery (as shown in [SOURCE_IMAGE_6]).

The pulse point located at the inner crease of the elbow.

Brachial artery (as shown in [SOURCE_IMAGE_7]).

The highest amount of pressure reached during the contraction of the left ventricle.

Systole

The lowest point of pressure reached during the relaxation of the left ventricle.

Diastole

The required vertical position of the arm relative to the body when obtaining a blood pressure reading.

Level of the heart.

The two medical instruments typically used by a sonographer to measure blood pressure manually.

Stethoscope and Sphygmomanometer.

The numerical value assigned to the first audible beat heard through a stethoscope during BP measurement.

Systolic number.

The numerical value assigned to the last audible beat heard through a stethoscope during BP measurement.

Diastolic number.

High blood pressure that has no known cause.

Essential hypertension.

High blood pressure that results from a specific, known underlying cause or disorder.

Secondary hypertension.

A blood pressure range of 120/80 to 139/89 in an adult.

Pre-hypertensive.

A blood pressure reading consistently greater than 139/89 (usually $> 140/90$).

Hypertensive.

A blood pressure reading of 80/50 or lower.

Hypotensive.

Common physical complaints of patients experiencing acute hypotension.

Dizziness, confusion, or blurred vision.

The visual method used by healthcare providers to examine the process of ventilation.

Monitoring the motion of the chest.

The reason why a patient should not be aware that their respirations are being evaluated.

The patient may alter their breathing pattern if they know it is being assessed.

The clinical term for an abnormally high rate of respirations.

Tachypnea

The clinical term for an abnormally low rate of respirations.

Bradypnea

The clinical term for difficulty breathing.

Dyspnea

The best way for a sonographer to determine if a patient needs special assistance with mobility.

Ask the patient directly.

The first step a sonographer should take when preparing to transport an inpatient.

Inform the patient's nurse (as listed in Table 10-15).

The method used to establish the correct identity of a patient before transport.

Evaluating the patient's wristband or hospital-provided identification.

The required position of an IV bag relative to the infusion site.

The bag must be continually higher than the site

The consequence of placing an IV bag lower than the infusion site (e.g., in a patient's lap).

Retrograde filling of blood into the tubing.

Signs that a patient may be having complications at an IV site.

Pain, discomfort, burning, or swelling.

The required position of a urinary catheter bag relative to the patient's bladder.

Lower than the bladder

The primary reason for keeping urinary drainage bags below the level of the bladder.

To avoid introducing bacteria from the drainage system into the bladder.

The action a sonographer must take with a urinary catheter if a full bladder is required for the exam.

Clamp the tube shut for the duration of the exam.

The preferred source of oxygen for a patient in the sonography department compared to a portable tank.

Wall outlet oxygen unit.

The measurement unit (LPM) that must be evaluated before unhooking a patient's oxygen administration.

Liters Per Minute.

The primary safety hazard associated with oxygen therapy.

Combustibility potential.

The medical device used for voiding by male patients who are unable to get out of bed.

Urinal.

The protocol for cleaning ultrasound machines and transducers for portable sonography in high-risk areas like nurseries.

Thoroughly clean instruments before transportation and before leaving the department.

A graphic record of the heart's electrical current used to detect irregular heartbeats or tissue damage.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG).

The anatomical structure that pumps deoxygenated blood from the body to the lungs.

Right side of the heart (Right atrium and Right ventricle).

The anatomical structure that pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.

Left side of the heart (Left atrium and Left ventricle).

The thin muscular wall that separates the right and left ventricles of the heart.

Ventricular septum.

The valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

Mitral valve.

The valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Tricuspid valve.

The outermost layer of the heart wall.

Epicardium.

The middle, muscular layer of the heart wall.

Myocardium.

The innermost lining of the heart chambers.

Endocardium.