social psychology exam

what are the 7 major pillars in social psych

construct our own reality, dual processing mind, social influences shape our behavior, attitudes and dispositions shape behavior, social behavior is biologically rooted, principles are apart of everyday life

what is the pillar of constructing our own reality

try to make sense of a situation but we see it differently

what is the pillar of dual processing mind

we think at 2 levels, intuition or automatic, deliberate thinking

what is the social influences shape our behavior pillar

something you see or hear can shape your life

what is the research methods used in social psych

scientific method

what is a theory

integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed patients

what is a hypothesis

testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exists between events

what is a population

everyone in interest in research

what is a sample

individuals who participate in the study

what is random sampling

sampling procedure in which every person has equal chance of being selected

what is important about surveys

choosing correct wording, framing properly

what is correlation

looks to see if 2 variables are naturally related

what can correlation not do

establish cause and effect only an association

what is the gold standard of research

experimental design

what can experimental design do

establish cause and effect, needs 2 things manipulation and control

what is mundane

degree to which experiment with everyday situations

what is experimental realism

experiment absorbs and involves participants

what is demand characteristics

cues in an experiment that suggest to participant how they should act

what is the spotlight effect

we believe others are paying more attention to our appearance and behavior then what they are

what is the illusion of transparency

we feel like others know are current state of emotion and thoughts

what is the self-concept idea

what we know and believe about ourselves begins with self awareness, sense of self, cognitive self schemas

what are schemas

beliefs and thoughts about oneself encompass past present and future

where does social self concept come from

ongoing social comparison and other people’s judgment

what is indiviualism

gives priority to the self

what is collectivism

gives priority to the group

what is planning fallacy

we underestimate how long a task will take

what is spending fallacy

we underestimate how much we will spend

what is predicting feelings

we are bad at predicting out future emotional states

what is impact bias

we think things will have a bigger impact then what they do

what is self esteem

overall self-evaluations sense of self worth

what is self-efficacy

competency on a specific task

what is self-serving bias

tendency to see ourselves favorably

what failures do we admit to

our distant and former selves

what is false consensus

overestimate in which others agree with your opinion, and bad behaviors

what is false uniqueness

underestimate the commonality of one’s abilities and one’s desirable or successful behaviors

what is self presentation

we want to present ourselves in a desirable way

what is self handicapping

a means of self protection where we create certain impediments that make success even less likely

self monitoring

adjusting our performance to give a desirable impression

what is system 1

automatic thinking, intuition and instinct

what is system 2

deliberate rational thinking, takes effort you have to think about it

what is a part of system 1

priming, intuitive judgments, heuristics

what is priming

awakening or activating certain associations in memory

what is embodied cognition

mutual influence of bodily sensations on cognitive preferences and social judgments

what is intuitive judgements

knowing something without reason or analysis

what is heuristics

thinking strategies that allow quick efficient judgments

what is representative heuristics

quickly judging if someone or something belongs to a group

what is availability heuristics

consider the likelihood of something based on availability of memory

what is counterfactual thinking

imagining alternative scenarios

what is illusory thinking

search for order in random events

what are the parts of illusory thinking

illusory correlation, illusion of control, regression toward the mean

what is illusory correlation

we tend to see a relationship where one doesn’t exist

what is illusion of control

we think we have control over luck events

what is regression toward the mean

tendency for extreme score to return to an average

what is belief perseverance

we cling to our initial thoughts after they are discredited

what is the saying for belief perseverance

the remedy of this is to try and see the other side

what is misinformation effect

incorporating misinformation into one’s memory of the event after witnessing an event

what is the attribution theory

how we explain others behavior

what might we do when we see a person tailgating us in a sports car

assume they are arrogant rather than having a sick kid at home

what is self fulfilling prophecy

what I predict comes true