chapter 16 solutions vocabulary

colligative properties

properties of a solution that depends only on the number of solute particles.

boiling-point elevation

the difference in temperature between the boiling point of the solution and the boiling point of the pure solvent.

supersaturated

a solution containing more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature.

molarity

number of moles of solute ÷ 1 liter of solution

immiscible

describing liquids that can not dissolve in one another

solubility

the amount of substance that dissolves in a given quantity of solvent to produce a saturated solution.

saturated

a solution containing the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at constant temperature and pressure.

vapor pressure lowering

the vapor pressure of the solution is lower than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent

concentration

mass or volume of solute ÷ mass or volume of solution

molality

number of moles of solute ÷ 1 kilogram of solvent

unsaturated

a solution containing a lower amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at constant temperature and pressure.

miscible

describing liquids that can dissolve in one another

Henry’s Law

at a given temperature, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid

freezing point depression

the difference in temperature between the freezing point of the solution and the freezing point of the pure solvent