unit 4 conflict

interstate war

military conflict between separate states over territory

intrastate war

war confined within borders of a single state

terrorism

the use of international violence to achieve political aims

insurrectionary terrorism

aims at the revolutionary overthrow of a state

loner or issue terrorism

aims at promotion of a single cause

nationalist terrorism

aims to overthrow colonial rule or occupation with the goal of gaining independence.

Global terrorism

aims at inflicting damage and humiliation on a global power or at trans foreign global civilizational relation.

implications of terrorism: (3) (plus examples in brackets)

1. Terrorist groups impose a danger to global security and peace ( USA international campaign on war anterior following the September 11 terrorist attack. (2001))

2. terrrorist groups pose a threat to state sovereignty ( elimination of state sovereignty by ISIS in Syria and Iraq . 2014)

3. Terrorist attacks have enormous economic impact. ( 2001 9/11 market fell by 7.1%, or 648 points.

types of conflicts

1. terretorial

2. ideological

3. identity

4. intrest-based conflict

casuses of conflict

1. territoriaal control

2. resource (scarcity)

3. ideology

4. threatned identity

5. greed v/s grievances

parties to conflict

1. states

2. intrastate groups

3. individuals

what creates a conflict, more likely

1. little or no democratic means of dispute resolutions; minorities excluded from political representation

2. wealth territorial, or resource shared inequality and controlled by powerful elites

3. poverty

4. Goverment is above the law, making arbitary and legitimate desicions

5. Judical system is absent or interfered with, not indepanded or fair

6. Human rights are abused.

what creates a conflict less likely

1. democratic institutions exist, with full political equality and participation

2. equal sharing of wealth and resources

3. equality of opportunity for all

4. goverment respects the rule of law

5. Disputes can be resolved fairly through a fair and independend judicial system

6. Respect of human rights (especially of those of minorities)

Galtung’s triangle of conflict 3 points

behavior, contradiction, attitudes

galtungs different levels of analyses of violent conflict

1. manifest level, the immediatly obvious evidence of a violent conflict ( for example the amount of people killed) (evidence)

2. latent level, deeper causes and conditions of conflict can be analyzed. (causes)

behavior (Galtungs triangle of conflict)

observable actions taken by parties involved. (manifestation of conflict)

Attitudes ( Galtung’s triangle of conflict)

It refers to how individuals or groups feel and think about each other and the conflict itself

Contradictions ( Galtungs triangle of conflict)

cause of conflict

Behavior reduced trough

peacekeeping

contradiction reduced through

peacebuilding

attitudes reduced through

peacemaking

Colombia (FARC)

1. type of conflict

2. casus of conflict

3. parties to conflict

4. manifastations of conflict

1. ideological conflict , it is about social injustice

2. ideologicay, greed vs grievance

3. FARC & Colombian goverment

4. intrastate war; Guerilla war

Syria (2011)

1. Type of conflict

2. cause of conflict

3. parties to conflict

4. manifestations of conflict

1. ideological (Arab spring) & identity (Shia’s vs Sunni) conflict

2. Ideology & threatened identity

3. Syrian goverment, SDF, ISIS, Rebels

4. first demonstrations, violent protests then intrastate war'; terrorist attacks, insurgency 9 opstand)

Brexit (2016)

1. type of conflict

2. cause of conflict

3. parties to conflict

4. manifestations of conflict

1. ideological, identity

2. ideological, threatened identity

3. UK goverment vs EU

4. diplomatic tensions

US- Iraq (2003)

1. type of conflict

2. casus of conflict

3. parties to conflict

4. manifestation of conflict

1. ideological conflict: democracy ideology, but it is intrest based

2. ideology, security

3. US, Iraq, Al-Queda

4. Terrorist tracks, interstate war

South- China sea

1. type of conflict

2. cause of conflict

3. parties to conflict

4. manifestation of conflict

1. territorial

2. territorial control, resource

3. China, Philipinese, Taiwan, Malaysia, Brunei, Vietnam

4. Diplomatic tensions, interstate conflict.

pros of a conflict dynamic model 4

1. helps understand the role of the parties is the conflict

2. it helps understand what the conflict is about

3. it can help reveal the deeper issues at state beyond visible violence

4. it’s necessary for positive peace to be achieved

aiganst a conflict dynamic model 3

1. violent actions need to be stopped imidiatly, there is no time for a deeper sturdy, for negative peace there is no need for such a model

2. models can lead to specific understanding of a conflict. It seduces the conflict to a model instead of looking at its particularities

3. conflict can be driven by personalities wich we need to take into account

conflict

disagrement between parties over ……..

non-violent conflicts manifestations 4

1. peaceful demonstrations

2. strikes

3. political campaigns

4. diplomatic tensions

violent conflicts manifestations 4

1. interstate war

2. intrastate war

3. terrorism actors

4. genocide

reasons for non-violence conflicts 4

1. structure or process for dialogue

2. parties involved in the dispute are depended on each other

3. violence can hurt core intrest

4. democratic structures that allow population for consultant

reasons for violent conflicts

1. lack of trust

2. no structure for dialogue

3. grievience and traumas are sustaining/developing the conflict

4. no other means available

third party involvement in conflict

1. Humanitarian intervention

2. peace enforcement

3. election observers

4. third party prolonging conflict due to lack of unity on action

proxy war

negative peace

abscence of direct violence, reasons for conflict still exist, thus , this type of peace is fragile

positive peace

goes beyond mere absence of direct violence and it involves deeper levels of harmony and equity, where reasons that led to the conflict have been resolved.

peacemaking

stopping violent conflict and or creating negative peace

peacekeeping

sustaining negative peace to allow positive peace to be build

peacebuilding

building sustainable, long term positive peace

peace

absence of a violent conflict

restorative justice

rehabilitation of offenders trough truth and reconciliation commissions, TRCs, they get info, give victims platforms

restributive justice

punsihment