SNLE Medical-Surgical Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of vocabulary and concept-based flashcards based on SNLE lecture notes covering shock, musculoskeletal, neurological, cardiac, renal, and endocrine systems.

Stage 2 Shock

Characterized by a cardiac output less than $4$ to $6 L/min$, systolic blood pressure < $100 mmHg$, decreased urinary output, and confusion.

Increased Intracranial Pressure (Vital Sign Trends)

Increasing temperature, decreasing pulse, decreasing respirations, and increasing blood pressure.

Compartment Syndrome (Early Signs)

Numbness and tingling in the fingers or extremities.

Buck’s (extension) traction

A type of traction that provides comfort by reducing muscle spasms, provides fracture immobilization, and involves pulleys and wheels.

Fat Embolus (Indication of Resolution)

The most favorable indication of resolution is clear mentation.

Meningitis (Physical Assessment Signs)

Assessment findings include a positive Brudzinski’s sign and nuchal rigidity.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Leak Test

Fluid that separates into concentric rings and tests positive for glucose.

Homonymous Hemianopsia

A visual deficit after a stroke where the client must be encouraged to turn their head to scan the lost visual field.

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Pain Management)

Strategies to minimize episodes of pain include washing the face with cotton pads and avoiding foods that are very warm or very cold.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (Preceding Factors)

Most often associated with a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection during the previous month.

Detached Retina

Clinical manifestation described as a sense of a curtain falling across the field of vision.

Mastoiditis (Otoscopic Finding)

A red, dull, thick, and immobile tympanic membrane.

Presbycusis

Age-related hearing loss; communication is facilitated by speaking at a normal tone and pitch, slowly and clearly.

Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula Patency

Assessment finding of a palpable thrill or an audible bruit over the fistula site.

Arterial Steal Syndrome

A complication of an AV fistula characterized by pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the hand.

Disequilibrium Syndrome

A complication of hemodialysis characterized by headache, deteriorating level of consciousness, and twitching.

Atrial Fibrillation (Cardiac Monitor Interpretation)

A rhythm with no P waves and the presence of fibrillatory waves before each QRS complex.

Flail Chest

A chest injury characterized by the distinctive sign of paradoxical chest movement.

Dumping Syndrome (Prevention)

Measures involve limiting fluids taken with meals and eating small frequent meals rather than three large ones.

Addisonian Crisis (Laboratory Findings)

Expected findings include hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and leukocytosis.

Cataract (Early Stages)

The clinical manifestation most expected in early stages is blurred vision.

Pheochromocytoma

A disorder where potential complications include heart rate irregularities (e.g., $90 bpm$ and irregular).

Pemphigus

An autoimmune disease that causes blistering in the skin.

Scleroderma (Intervention)

Nursing interventions include administering corticosteroids as prescribed for inflammation.

Glycemic Target for IV Dextrose in DKA

Intravenous fluids containing dextrose should be prepared when the serum glucose level decreases to approximately $250 mg/dL$ ($13.87 mmol/L$) to prevent hypoglycemia.