Nutritional Management of Obesity

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nutritional management of obesity, including definitions, classifications, risks, and interventions.

What is obesity?

A medical condition in which an individual has excess body fat for a given height.

How does the WHO classify obesity?

Using body mass index (BMI) to classify stages of overweight and obesity.

What BMI classification represents Obesity Class I?

BMI between 30.0 to 34.9.

What is the projected obesity rate in Americans by 2030?

Nearly half of Americans will have obesity.

List some chronic disease risks associated with obesity.

Cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.

When did the American Medical Association recognize obesity as a disease?

In 2013.

What is a limitation of using BMI for obesity assessment?

It cannot differentiate fluid from fat or accurately reflect body fat in muscular individuals.

What percentage of the variability in body weight is attributed to genetic factors?

30-70%.

What is meant by polygenic obesity?

Obesity influenced by multiple genes affecting hunger, metabolism, or fat storage.

What environmental factors contribute to obesity?

High-calorie foods, larger portion sizes, and sedentary lifestyles.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in weight regulation?

It integrates signals related to energy balance and hunger.

What is ghrelin?

An appetite-inducing hormone secreted by the stomach, stimulating food intake.

What is leptin?

A hormone produced by adipose tissue that inhibits appetite and reflects fat storage status.

What is the recommended level of weight loss for improved health outcomes?

3-10% of baseline body weight.

What factors can increase obesity risk post-bariatric surgery?

Micronutrient deficiencies and weight regain.

What is the main goal of behavioral treatment in weight management?

To facilitate patient-centered behavioral changes.

Name a common medication used as an appetite suppressant in weight management.

Phentermine.

What are some common deficiencies after bariatric surgery?

Vitamin B12, Iron, and Calcium.

What is the typical daily protein intake recommended post-bariatric surgery?

1 to 2 oz protein sources 3 to 5 times a day.

What characterizes fad diets?

Absence of physical activity, rapid weight loss, and lack of scientific evidence.

What should be avoided during the post-bariatric surgical diet progression?

Rice, bread, and pasta until adequate protein intake is established.