Natural Disasters

Disasters

________ having elements of human intent, negligence, error, failure of human- made systems.

Protection

________- use of autoclaves for sterilizing and biological safety cabinets.

mild disease

BSL- 2: Bacteria and viruses that cause only ________ to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting such as hepatitis A, B, C, mumps, measles, HIV, etc.

Tokaimura

A ‘ criticality accident in a nuclear fuel cycle facility where an uncontrolled nuclear chain reaction takes place inadvertently leading to bursts of neutrons and gamma radiation (as had happened at ________, Japan)

fatal disease

BSL- 3: Bacteria and viruses causing severe to ________ in humans.

Seismic Activity

________: It refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experience over a period of time in a given area and are measured using seismometers.

Cyclone

________: It is an area of closed circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the earth.

Earths surface

At the ________, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground.

Drought

________: It is an extended period when a region receives a deficiency in its water supply, weather atmospheric, surface or ground water.

Flood

________: It is an overflow of water that submerges land.

Bacillus subtilis

BSL- 1: Bacteria and Viruses including ________, some cell cultures, canine hepatitis, and noninfectious bacteria.

circular winds

It is characterized by inward ________ that rotate anti- clockwise in the northern hemisphere (hurricane) and clockwise in southern hemisphere (cyclone)

large earthquake

When the epicenter of a(n) ________ is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently and cause a tsunami.

deep failure of slops

Landslide: It is a geological phenomenon that includes a wide range of ground movements such as rock falls, ________ and shallow debris flows.

Anticyclone

________: It is the opposite of a cyclone.

Landslides

________ can occur offshore, coastal and onshore environments.

anticyclones winds

A(n) ________ rotate clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere around a center of high pressure.

Earthquakes

________ are measured using observations from seismometer and moment magnitude is expressed in terms of Richer scale.

Earths

It is the result of a sudden release of energy in the ________ crust that creates seismic waves.

large scale nuclear disaster

A(n) ________ resulting from a nuclear weapon attack (as had happened at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan) which would lead to mass casualties and destruction of large areas and properties.

Protection

________- use of a positive pressure personnel suit, with a segregated air supply.

Protection

________- Stringent safety protocols such as the use of respirators to prevent airborne infection.

Protection

________ is only facial protection and gloves.

Disaster

It is defined as a serios disruption of the functioning of a society involving widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources

Natural Disasters

It is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth such as

Seismic Activity

It refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experience over a period of time in a given area and are measured using seismometers

Flood

It is an overflow of water that submerges land

100-year flood

There is a 1% chance that such a flood could happen in any given year

Landslide

It is a geological phenomenon that includes a wide range of ground movements such as rock falls, deep failure of slops and shallow debris flows

Cyclone

It is an area of closed circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the earth

Anticyclone

It is the opposite of a cyclone

Drought

It is an extended period when a region receives a deficiency in its water supply, weather atmospheric, surface or ground water

The causes of man made disasters are

Ignorance, unawareness, illiteracy, carelessness

BSL-1

Bacteria and Viruses including Bacillus subtilis, some cell cultures, canine hepatitis, and noninfectious bacteria

BSL-2

Bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting such as hepatitis A, B, C, mumps, measles, HIV, etc

Protection

use of autoclaves for sterilizing and biological safety cabinets

BSL-3

Bacteria and viruses causing severe to fatal disease in humans

Example

West Nile virus, anthrax, MERS coronavirus

Protection

Stringent safety protocols such as the use of respirators to prevent airborne infection

BSL-4

Potentially fatal (to human beings) viruses like Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa fever virus, etc

Protection

use of a positive pressure personnel suit, with a segregated air supply