CHEM 1251 Molarity & Dilution / Limiting Reactants, Theoretical Yield, Percent Yield

molarity

mol solute / L solution

in dilution…

moles of solute remain constant

Moles _{concentration} = Moles _dilution

M x L _{concentration} = Moles _dilution

molarity

mol solute / L solution

in dilution…

moles of solute remain constant

Moles _{concentration} = Moles _dilution

M x L _{concentration} = Moles _dilution

reaction stoichiometry

amt of reactants and products involved in a reaction

limiting reactant

reactant that is completely used up in a reaction

the reaction stops

controls amount of products possible

excess reactant

not completely consumed in a reaction

can be found in a mixture of products

to determine amount of excess reactant

1) calculate amount of excess reactant used

2) subtract initial amount of ER - amt of ER used in reaction = ER leftover

to find the LR

1) balance equation

2) determine amount of product possible from each reactant

3) choose the smallest amt of product (this is the theoretical yield)

theoretical yield (product)

-maximum amount of product possible if LR is completely used up

actual yield

amount of product actually made at the end of the reaction

**not something you can solve for; must be given

percent yield

actual yield / theoretical yield

solution

any homogenous mixture

solute

relatively small qty (substance being dissolved)

solvent

substance doing the dissolving (substance present in largest qty)

dilute solution

small solute, large solvent (small ratio)

concentrated solution

larger ratio of solute to solvent

stock solution

solution of known concentration

concentration

ratio of solute to solvent or total solution

in dilution…

moles of solute remain CONSTANT