QUIZ 1: General Concepts in Chemistry + Ionic Bonding

Erwin Schrodinger

He invented the Quantum Mechanical Model.

Energy Level

refers to the distance of nucleus and atoms

Orbitals

the region where the probability of finding electrons is HIGH.

False, ENERGY LEVEL → SUBSHELL.

MODIFIED T OR F: In the configuration 1s², the s stands for the ENERGY LEVEL.

Atoms

known as the fundamental unit of matter.

Democritus

He stated that things that are indivisible are known as ATOMOS.

ELEMENTS

2 or more atoms of a SIMILAR kind ; PURE substance

FALSE

T OR F: Not all elements are molecules.

Molecules

2 or more atoms that CAN or CANNOT be the same atoms.

False, ALL → NOT ALL

MODIFIED T OR F: ALL molecules can be compounds.

TRUE

T OR F: NOT ALL molecules are elements.

TRUE

MODIFIED T OR F: Compounds are 2 or more elements that are CHEMICALLY bonded to each other.

Molecular Compound

a compound which consists of COVALENT bonds.

IONIC COMPOUND

a compound which consists of IONIC bonds.

CATIONS & ANIONS

Give the name for positively and negatively charged ions respectively.

To keep its stability. (remain stable)

Why does chemical bonding usually occur among atoms?

FALSE, KINETIC ENERGY → POTENTIAL ENERGY

MODIFIED T OR F: Chemicals have a lot of KINETIC ENERGY stored in their bonds.

TRUE

The principle of nature tells chemicals to LOWER their energy over time to be stable.

METALLIC, IONIC, COVALENT (MIC)

Give 3 types of intramolecular forces

INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES

Type of force that holds atoms together within a molecule

LONDON DISPERSION FORCE, DIPOLE-DIPOLE, HYDROGEN BONDING (LDH)

Give 3 types of Intermolecular Forces

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

Type of force that holds molecules together.

IONIZATION ENERGY

What concept mainly causes the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding?

CLUE: (The energy required to REMOVE electrons from an atom).

low; high

Metals have ___ ionization energy (IE), while non-metals have ____ IE.

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

What concept mainly causes the sharing of electrons in covalent bonding?

CLUE: the ability of atoms to attract & uphold electrons

B. LEFT TO RIGHT; DOWN TO UP

Electronegativity generally increases from ___ in the periodic table.

A. LEFT TO RIGHT; UP TO DOWN

B. LEFT TO RIGHT; DOWN TO UP

C. RIGHT TO LEFT; UP TO DOWN

D. RIGHT TO LEFT; DOWN TO UP

FALSE, COVALENT → IONIC

Modified T or F: Higher electronegativity difference displays more COVALENT-like behavior between bonds.

< 0.5

What range of value must the difference of electronegativity be to say that it has an EQUAL sharing of electrons?

equal to or > 0.5

What range of value must the difference of electronegativity be to say that it has an UNEQUAL sharing of electrons?

FALSE

T OR F: In a covalent bond, there is an electron donor & receiver.

FALSE, DIFFERENT → SIMILAR

MODIFIED T OR F: A purely covalent bond can happen between two DIFFERENT atoms.

50-50 sharing (purely covalent bonding)

This type of electron sharing occurs in diatomic elements like H2, N2, O2, etc.

TRUE

T OR F: There’s a chance that different elements will have the same number of electrons.

FALSE

T OR F: Group numbers always represent the number of valence electrons an element has.

DUET RULE

Hydrogen and helium follow the _____ where 2 electrons are only needed to remain stable.

FALSE

T OR F: The max number of valence electrons that all elements can have is 8.

Electron-dot structures

Lewis symbols are also called as _____.

FALSE, TRANSITIONAL → REPRESENTATIVE

Modified T or F: TRANSITIONAL elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

C.

The octet rule relates to the number 8 because

A. Atoms undergo chemical reaction only if 8 valence electrons are present.

B. All electron subshells can hold 8 electrons

C. Atoms, during compound formation, frequently obtain 8 valence electrons.

ISOELECTRONIC SPECIES

these are an atom, an ion, or 2 ions that have the same number and configuration of electrons.

Lewis structure

a combination of Lewis symbols that represent transfer or sharing of electrons.

TRUE

T OR F: Ionic compounds are ALWAYS electrically neutral.

FALSE (it should be C2H5)

T OR F: The compound C4H10 is in its formula unit.

FORMULA UNIT

It is the smallest whole number repeating ratio of ions present in an ionic compound.

TRUE

MODIFIED T OR F: REPRESENTATIVE metals give all their valence electrons.

FALSE, ACHIEVE OCTET RULE → LOWER ITS ENERGY

MODIFIED T OR F: In a transitional metal and non-metal bond, the goal of the metal is to ACHIEVE OCTET RULE.

TRUE

MODIFIED T OR F: In a transitional metal and non-metal bond, the goal of the non-metal is to ACHIEVE OCTET RULE.

POLYATOMIC IONS

These are non-metal groups (covalent bonds) that have charges.

FALSE

T OR F: The suffix -ite typically has more number of atoms than those with -ate

FALSE, TWO → ONE

MODIFIED T OR F: In pairs of ions with hydrogen, the charge on the ions is always TWO less than that on the other ion.