Pearson Introduction to Chemistry Chapter 2

solid

A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume.

crystalline solid

A solid that is made up of crystals in which particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern.

amorphous solid

A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern.

liquid

A state of matter that has no definite shape but has a definite volume.

fluid

Any substance that can flow.

surface tension

The result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together; causes the surface to act as if it has a thin skin.

viscosity

A liquid's resistance to flowing.

gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume.

pressure

The force pushing on a surface divided by the area of that surface.

melting

The change in state from a solid to a liquid.

melting point

The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid; the same as the freezing point, or temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid.

freezing

The change in state from a liquid to a solid.

vaporization

The change of state from a liquid to a gas.

evaporation

The process by which molecules at the surface of a liquid absorb enough energy to change to a gas.

boiling

Vaporization that occurs at and below the surface of liquid.

boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid boils.

condensation

The change of state from a gas to a liquid.

sublimation

The change in state from a solid directly to a gas

Charles's Law

A principle that describes the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at constant pressure.

directly proportional

A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the point.

Boyle's Law

A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature.

inversely proportional

A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose product is constant.