Comprehensive Criminal Justice and Policing Organizational Structures

Which model of the criminal process emphasizes police enforcement and arrests?

Crime control

What term describes the shared powers of the national and state governments created by the Constitution?

Federalism

What is one of policing's goals that involves maintaining social control with arrest as a last resort?

Order maintenance

What defines police jurisdiction?

The type of government, its geographical area, and legal authority

What is it called when police are required to enforce laws they do not agree with?

Role conflict

At all levels of government, the police are under the control of which branch?

Executive

From which language is the term 'police' derived?

Ancient Greek

Which style of policing is characterized by the use of discretion, coercion, and verbal warnings?

Watchman style

What is the idea that in a democracy, organizations like the police can take away people's freedom?

Policing paradox

Who is considered the Father of American Policing?

August Vollmer

What phrase historically refers to beating a suspect to gain a confession?

Third degree

What is the first modern police department founded in the United States?

Boston PD

In which type of society are modern police departments created?

States

In what year was the London Metropolitan Police founded?

1829

Which era of policing includes Intelligence Led Policing and Antiterrorism Units?

Security era

What are entities that share resources for police data-gathering called?

Fusion centers

Which precursor to modern policing was more concerned with the king's interests?

Shire-reeve

Who created the first modern police department?

Robert Peel

What is defined as an agency having less than 100 sworn officers?

Sheriff's department

What type of police department is the Sam Houston State University Police Department an example of?

Special jurisdiction police

What type of police departments make up the majority in the United States?

Local-municipal

What is the largest Sheriff's office in the United States?

Los Angeles County Sheriff's Office

Which law enforcement agency in the United States has the most full-time sworn police officers?

New York City PD

Approximately how many police agencies are there in the United States?

23,000--30,000

How many officers does the typical police department in the United States employ?

2

What is the largest federal law enforcement agency?

U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Who holds the highest law enforcement position in a county?

Sheriff

Which state does not have a state police or highway patrol agency?

Hawaii

What is the pyramidal structure of a police department commonly known as?

Chain-of-command

What is the lowest level of police deployment based upon geographical area?

Beat

What type of function is a police department's photography unit staffed with non-sworn personnel an example of?

Auxiliary

What is the number of employees any one supervisor can effectively handle called?

Span of control

What is a statement of what a police officer can or cannot do with the backing of law called?

Regulation

What theory of police organizational change is exemplified by the impact of 9-11 on American policing?

Contingency theory

What form of city governance is characterized by the mayor running city council meetings without a vote?

Weak mayor-council

What theory posits that police organizations change their policies based on the availability of funding?

Resource dependency theory

What is the oldest form of local municipal government organization in American history?

City commission

What type of personnel are field supervisors such as corporals and sergeants considered?

Command