aplit poetry

prose

any time period; colloquial language of that time (can be nonfic/fic); paragraphs and mostly follows ordinary mechanics

verse

any time period; poem, song, play; lines and stanzas; has meter/rhythm with stressed syllables; sounds lyrical

POV in poetry

poet = author; speaker = the “narrator” of the poem

types of stanzas

couplet, triplet/tercet, quatrain, quintet, sestet/sextet, septet, octave; older poets had rigid form, now free verse

rhyme

words rhyme w themselves; sound alike w vowels/consonant.

eye rhyme

diff vowel sound (altho spelling is similar)

true rhyme

perfect/exact rhyme

imperfect rhyme

only vowel or consonant is matching

slant rhyme/half rhyme

the last consonant matches, but not the vowel

end stop

poetry has punctuation/break

enjabment

continuation of grammar/phrase to the next line

onomatopoeia

words that indicate the sound they represent

alliteration

first sound in each word repeated

consonance

the sound can be repeated anywhere, not necessarily at the beginning of each word 

assonance

instead of the consonant being repeated, the vowel is

refrain

sound word or phrase repeated regularly in a poem, like the choroous of a song. dont confuse w repition/which can be more small scale

labelling rhyme scheme

abc etc

classical period

1200BC-455AD; Homers Oydessy + Illiiad; narative poetry in book format, mythology

medieval period

455AD-1485; Dante Inferno + Chaucer Canterbury Tales; dark ages, old english/middle english

English Renaissance

1500-1650; Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson; renewal of arts, sonnet, lyrical and pastoral. christinaity was institutionalized

Metaphysical & Cavalier Poets

1630-1700; John Donne, Samuel Johnson, Andrew Marvell; philosophy on the nature of existence, truth, knowledge; romantic love, paradox, conceits, wit

Romantic Period (Europe)

1750-1850; Wordworth, Keats, Lord Byron; language of the people, informal, subject focuses on the beauty of the natural world, pastoral

Romantic Period (US)

1750-1850; Emerson, Edgar allen poe, emily dickinson; Transcendentalism; realism/naturalism; human spirituality and soul, where objects had a universal dimension to them

Modern period

1900-1945; William Williams, EE Cummings, Marianne Moore; chaotic world and rejection of tradition; psychological exploration thru free verse

Harlem Renaissance

1900-1945; Langston Hughes, Paul Dunbar, Dubois; African Americans experiences in 1920s new york

The Beats

1950-1960; Jack Keruac, Allen Ginsberg, Diane Di Prima; Improv style, free flowing, experimental, jazz-like

Modernism/Contemporary

1960s-Present; Robert Duncan, Sylvia Plath, Mary oliver; randomness and rejection of absolute meaning; black humor and playfulness; fragmentation in form and time jump; intertextuality and reminders of intermixed culture

Living poets

those currently alive; tied to current societal issue + poets identity, experimentation, range of diversity and individual experiences

meter

stressed and unstressed syllables occur in a repeating pattern; poets often count this initially and then repeat

free verse

more conversational; not metered poetry

narrative poem

a poem that tells a story; longer than lyric styles of poetry bc you have to establish characters and plot

conceit

intellectual comparison between two things