HTHRHSC 2500: Medical Terminology - Chapter 6

aden/o

gland

adenoid/o

adenoids

an-, ana-

not; without; up; apart; excessive

anti-

against

bacter/i, bacteri/o

bacteria

brachy-

short

carcin/o

cancerous

cyt/o, -cyte

cell

edem-, edemat/o

swelling

fer/o

bear; carry

fung/i

fungus

gen-, gen/o, -gen

producing; forming

globin/o, -globulin

shaped like a ball

immun/o

immune, protection; safe

inter-

within; inside

-ize

to make; to treat

lymph/o

lymph, lymphatic tissue

lymphaden/o

lymph node or gland

lymphangi/o

lymph vessel

lymphocyt/o

lymph cell

mamm/o

breast

mega-, megal/o

large; great

meta-

change, beyond, subsequent to, behind, after

neo-, ne/o

new strange

-oma

tumor; neoplasm

onc/o

tumor

phag/o

eat, swallow

-phylactic, -phylaxis

protective, preventive

-plasm

formative material of cells

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

splen/o

spleen

-stasis, -static

control, maintenance of a constant level

suppress/o

press down

tele/o

distant, distance

therap/o, therapeut/o

treatment

thym/o

thymus gland

-tic

pertaining to

tonsill/o

tonsil; throat

tox/o

poison, poisonous, toxin

acquired immunity

immunity obtained by having had a contagious disease.

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

the advanced stage of an HIV infection.

adenocarcinoma(s)

carcinoma derived from glandular tissue.

adjuvant therapy(-ies)

cancer treatment sometimes used after the primary treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur.

allergen

a substance that produces an allergic response in an individual.

allergic reaction

occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen as if it were a dangerous invader.

anaphylaxis

a severe, systemic response to an allergen.

angiogenesis

the process through which the tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply

anthrax

a contagious disease that can be transmitted through livestock.

antiangiogenesis

cancer treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor

antibiotic(s)

medications capable of inhibiting growth or killing pathogenic bacteria.

antibody(-ies)(A, Ab)

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen.

antifungal(s)

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi.

antigen (AG, Ag)

any substance that the body regards as being foreign.

antigen-antibody reaction

a specific chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the white blood cells and antigens during immune reaction.

antihistamines

medications administered to block and control allergic reactions

antineoplastic drug(s)

medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells.

antiviral(s)

medication administered to treat viral infections or to provide temporary immunity.

autoimmune disorder(s)

a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body's own tissues

bacillus(-i)

rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria.

bactericide(s)

a substance that causes the death of bacteria

bacterium(-a)

one-celled microscopic organisms.

benign

something that is not life-threatening and does not recur.

bioimpedance spectroscopy

a noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema by measuring the limb's resistance to an electrical current.

breast self examination (BSE)

a self-care procedure for the early detection of breast cancer.

brachytherapy

the use of radioactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated.

candidiasis(-es)

a yeast infection.

carcinoma(s) (Ca, CA)

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue.

carcinoma in situ (CIS)

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.

complement system

a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's plasma membrane.

corticosteroid drug(s)

steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, and their synthetically produced equivalents.

cytokine(s)

any of a class of immunoregulatory proteins (as interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon) that are secreted by cells especially of the immune system.

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids.

cytotoxic drug(s)

medication that kills or damages cells.

dendritic cell(s)

antigen-presenting cells (also known as accessory cells) of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system. They act as messengers between the innate and the adaptive immune systems.

ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)

breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct.

ebola

a rare and generally fatal disease transmitted by contact with any bodily fluids infected with the Ebola virus.

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

a blood test that is used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodies.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

causes mononucleosis; "mono"; "kissing disease"

fungus (-i)

a simple parasitic organism

hemolytic

relating to or involving the rupture or destruction of red blood cells.

herpes zoster (HZ)

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve

Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL)

a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, and weight loss.

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

a bloodborne pathogen that damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail.

immunity

the state of being resistant to a specific disease.

immunodeficiency disorder(s)

a condition that occurs when immune system response is compromised.

immunoglobulin(s) (IG)

antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

immunosuppressant

a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response.

immunotherapy

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response.

infectious mononucleosis (mono)

an infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that is characterized by fever, a sore throat, and enlarged lymph nodes.

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue.

infiltrating lobular carcinoma

breast cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue of the breast.

inflammatory breast cancer (IBC)

a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer.

influenza (flu)

a highly contagious viral respiratory infection that occurs in seasonal epidemics.

interferon(s)

a protein released by animal cells, usually in response to the entry of a virus, that has the property of inhibiting virus replication.

interleukin(s)

any of a class of glycoproteins produced by leukocytes for regulating immune responses.

Kaposi's sarcoma

a cancer that causes patches of abnormal tissue to grow under the skin; in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat; or in other organs.

lumpectomy

surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue with the surrounding margin of normal tissue.

Lyme disease

a bacterial infection caused by a spirochete belonging to the genus Borrelia burgdorferi.

lymphadenitis(ides)

inflammation of the lymph nodes.

lymphadenopathy

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes.