a) Projectile motion

• ball one is dropped vertically, ball two is thrown horizontally

• explain why ball one and ball two fall to the ground at the same rate (same distance + same time)

• for ball two → vertical component of velocity and acceleration + horizontal component of velocity and acceleration → independent

  • horizontal velocity → does not affect vertical velocity

• ball one + ball two → equal vertical velocity and acceleration

• explain why ball two forms a curve when it is thrown horizontally

• vertical velocity is increasing + horizontal velocity is constant

• state the velocity and the acceleration of the vertical component and the horizontal component of a projectile

• the vertical component

  • changing velocity

  • constant acceleration

• the horizontal component

  • constant velocity

  • zero acceleration

• explain why the horizontal component of a projectile has a constant velocity and zero acceleration

• vertical component of acceleration = 9.81ms^-2

  • F_x = F × cos(x)

  • F_x = 9.81ms^-2 × cos(90) = 0ms^-2

• horizontal component of acceleration = 0ms^-2

• define the actual velocity of a projectile

• the net velocity including both the vertical velocity and the horizontal velocity

• state how to calculate the actual velocity of a projectile

• using the Pythagorean theorem

• actual velocity² = vertical velocity² + horizontal velocity²