Thrust PPL ground lesson 3 stage zero

pitot tubes measure altitude based on

air pressure difference

atmospheric pressure (increases/decreases) with a decrease in altitude

Increases

atmospheric pressure (increases/decreases) with an increase in temp

increases

pitot tubes measure

ram air (velocity of relative wind)

pitot ram air and static port are compared in the

air speed indicator

VSI and altimeter only get

ambient pressure from static port

static port

flush on side of fuselage to measure ambient pressure

pitot static system is used by

Altimeter VSI ASI

ASI works by

comparing ram air and static air

ASI has a _____ that expands/contracts with_______

diaphragm, pressure

ASI compares

ambient pressure and dynamic pressure

Vs0

stall speed with flaps

Vs1

stall speed clean

this always happens before structural damage occurs

stalls

Va range

98-113

Max weight

2550

Vx is best

angle

Vy is best

climb

IAS

indicated airspeed, what it reads

CAS

calibrated airspeed, airspeed corrected for installation/instrument error (static port is on the wing, but it would be optimal if it were on the nose)

TAS

true airspeed, CAS corrected for altitude/pressure, non-standard temp

TAS (increases/decreases) with altitude

increases

GS

groundspeed— TAS adjusted for wind

in a headwind, true airspeed is _____than groundspeed

greater

in a tailwind, true airspeed is ____ than groundspeed

lower

IAS is (higher/lower) at a higher altitude, because there are fewer air molecules to enter the pitot tube. However, true airspeed is the ______

lower, same

mach number is the ratio of the ____ to the ____

true airspeed, speed of sound

the speed of sound is a ___________, therefore mach number changes

function of temperature

altimeter Is affected by changes in _____

pressure

altimeter only receives _____ from the static port

ambient pressure

kollsman window

window where you set the pressure in the altimeter

if you can’t get the altimeter setting, set it to

field elevation

3 stacked aneroid wafers are set to a pressure of ____, but altimeter adjustments and the static port change it

29.92 Hg

ISA

international standard atmosphere

at sea level

15C, 29.92 Hg

Absolute altitude

actual feet AGL

True altitude

feet above MSL

Pressure altitude

distance above standard datum plane at 29.92hg

Density altitude

pressure altitude corrected for non-standard pressure/temp

high to low

look out below (reset your altimeter)

VSI measures a _____ to give you your fpm changes

change in static pressure

VSI gets (ambient/static pressure) from the static port

ambient

VSI has a _____to allow the pressure to “update” via the _____ as you fly

calibrated leak, diaphragm

if the pitot tube (ram air) is blocked,

airspeed drops to zero

if both the pitot tube (ram air) and drain hole are blocked, then you only get air from the static port and the ASI acts like an

altimeter

if the static port is blocked,

ASI: inaccurate

Altimeter: frozen

VSI: zero

Find alt static source

gyroscopic principles operate on

rigidity in space (resists change to movement)

gyroscopic precession (tilting/turning in response to pressure)

attitude and heading indicator are ____powered

vacuum

heading indicator is/is not north seeking, so you need to reset it

is not

turn coordinator Is ____powered

electrically

magnetic compass has no frictional errors because it is

suspended in fluid

magnetic compass errors

Variation

Deviation/dip—caused by metals/electrical fields, caused by magnet wanting to point north. greatest near the poles

Magnetic variation

Oscillation—combo of all errors

Northerly turning errors—NOSE

Acceleration—ANDS

AD-AHRS

air data computer for PFD

Attitude indicator/accelerometer

HSI/magnetometers

Rate turn indicator and sensors

Turn coordination/inclinometers

Air data computer calculates

altimeter tape/VSI