Developmental Psychology exam 3

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22 Terms

1
Proliferation
The rapid growth of neurons and formation of synapses during early brain development.
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2
Synaptic Pruning
The process of eliminating unused or less frequently used synaptic connections to make brain networks more efficient.
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3
Primary Circular Reactions
Repetitive actions centered around the infant's own body, such as thumb sucking.
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4
Secondary Circular Reactions
Repeated actions involving the external environment, like shaking a rattle.
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5
Object Permanence
The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.
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6
A-not-B Error
A phenomenon where infants search for an object where it was last found instead of where it was recently hidden.
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7
Cooing
The early vocal sound made by infants around 6-8 weeks.
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8
Babbling
Repetition of consonant-vowel combinations by infants around 4-6 months.
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9
Temperament Categories
Classification of infants into easy, difficult, and slow-to-warm-up categories.
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10
Primary Emotions
Basic emotions that emerge in infancy, such as joy, anger, fear, and sadness.
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11
Social Referencing
Infants looking to caregivers for emotional cues in uncertain situations.
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12
Still-Face Experiment
Procedure highlighting the importance of social interaction, where a caregiver maintains a neutral face.
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13
Risk Factors for SIDS
Factors such as sleeping on the stomach, premature birth, and soft bedding that increase the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
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14
Tertiary Circular Reactions
Experimentation with new actions by toddlers to see how they affect the world.
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15
Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device
The innate mechanism proposed by Chomsky that helps children acquire language.
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16
Naming/Vocabulary Explosion
The rapid increase in vocabulary that occurs around 18 months.
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17
Self-awareness
The recognition of oneself in mirrors or photographs beginning around 18-24 months.
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18
Secondary Emotions
Emotions such as shame and guilt that emerge in toddlerhood as social awareness increases.
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19
Erikson’s Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
The developmental stage in toddlerhood where toddlers assert their independence and a sense of autonomy is developed.
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20
Secure Attachment
Attachment style where toddlers feel distressed when separated but are comforted easily upon reunion.
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21
Insecure-Avoidant Attachment
Attachment style characterized by avoiding or ignoring the caregiver and showing little distress when separated.
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22
Disorganized Attachment
A pattern of inconsistent and erratic behavior toward the caregiver related to trauma or neglect.
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