AP Lang Rhetorical Choices To Know

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21 Terms

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Diction

The specific words an author uses to shape tone or meaning

Ex: We request the honor of your presence (formal)

Ex: Come hang out with us! (informal)

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Syntax

The arrangement of words or sentences structure (long/short, simple/complex, repetition)

Ex Short: He was alone

Ex Complete: Although she was tired, she stayed up to study for her AP exam.

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Tone

The author’s attitude toward the subject or audience

Ex: “Oh great, another pop quiz” (sarcastic)

Ex: “The future gleams with promise” (optimistic)

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Imagery

descriptive language that appeals to the sense

Ex: The warm cinnamon scent of the cookies drifted through the kitchen, wrapping me in a blank of comfort.

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Juxtaposition

Placing two contrasting ideas or images close together for effect

Ex: It was the best of times, it was the worst of times to highlight the extremes of the situation.

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Anaphora

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Ex: We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds..

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Allusion

A reference to a well-known person, place, event, or text

Ex: She felt like she had just opened Pandora’s box by asking one simple questionthat suggests deeper implications.

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Parallelism

Using similar grammatical structures in related phrases or clauses

Ex: She likes running, swimming, and biking.

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Antithesis

A contrast of ideas in a balanced or parallel structure

Ex: “Give me liberty, or give me death”

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Rhetorical Questions

Questions asked for effect, not meant to be answered

Ex: Isn’t it time we stood up for what’s right?

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Metaphor

Comparing two things - direct

Ex: Time is a theifSi

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Simile

comparing two things using like or as

Ex: Her smile was as bright as the sun.

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Ethos

A rhetorical appeal to credibility and character that establishes trust in the speaker.

Ex: As a doctor, I can assure you this treatment is safe

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Pathos

A rhetorical appeal to emotions that aims to persuade an audience by invoking feelings such as sympathy, anger, or happiness.

Ex: Thousands of animals suffer each day - will you help them?

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Logos

A rhetorical appeal to logic and reason, used to persuade an audience through facts, statistics, and logical arguments.

Ex: Research shows that regular exercise boosts mental health.

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Connotation

The implied or emotional meaning of a word

Ex: Childlike vs Childish - similar literal meanings, different connotations

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Irony

A contrast between expectation and reality

Ex: A fire station burns down

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Hyperbole

Exaggeration for emphasis

Ex: I’ve told you a million times.

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Understatement

Downplaying something for effect

Ex: After a tornado; “We had a bit of wind”

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Polysyndeton

Using many conjunctions

Ex: We ran and jumped and laughed and danced.

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Asyndeton

Omitting conjunctions

Ex: I came, I saw, I conquered.