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The study of materials and the changes that materials undergo:
chemistry
Anything that has mass and volume:
matter
Any characteristic that allows you to recognize a particular type of matter and to distinguish it from other types:
Property
The most basic substances found on the Periodic Table:
elements
The small building blocks of all matter:
atoms
Two or more atoms chemically combined:
molecules
Any elements and compounds are considered:
pure substances
Any substance composed of only one type of atom is an:
element
Two or more substances that are not chemically combined are:
mixtures
Two or more substances that are uniformly combined, like Kool-aid is called:
homogeneous mixture (also called solutions)
Two or more substances that are not uniformly combined, like a chocolate chip cookie is called:
heterogeneous mixture
This property of a substance can be observed without changing what the substance is, like color, state, melting point, density, solubility, etc.
physical property
This property of a substance can only be changed in the chemical makeup of a substance, like reactivity, combustibility, etc.
chemical property
The change in the property of a substance that is not chemically different from the original is called:
physical change
The change in the property of a substance that results in a chemically changed substance, like burning things is called:
chemical change
How do you know that a chemical change has occurred?
type essay answer...
Properties such as temperature, melting point, and density that do not depend on the amount of substance, is called:
intensive properties
Properties like mass and volume that depend on the amount of a substance is called:
extensive properties
The three states of matter are:
a gas, a liquid, or a solid
Pure Substance
is matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample. (sodium chloride)
Number of elements known, though they vary widely in abundance?
118
Law of constant composition
elemental composition of a compound is always the same
Physical properites
can be observed without changing the identity and composition of the substance. (can include: color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, and hardness)
Chemical properties
describe the way a substance may change , or react, to form other substances. (example: flammability. the ability of a substance to burn in the presence of oxygen)
Intensive properties
Properties, such as temperature and melting point
Extensive properties
depend on the amount of the sample, with two examples being mass and volume
An example of a physical change
Evaporation: water turning into vapor. Changing its physical change, but not its composition.
An example of a chemical change
When a substance is transformed into a chemically different substance. Hydrogen burns in air, combining with oxygen to form water.
