Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Flashcards covering key concepts related to the anatomy and functions of the lymphatic and immune systems.

Lymphatic system

A network of lymphatic organs, vessels, and lymph that collects excess fluid, defends against disease, and transports fat molecules.

Interstitial fluid

Fluid that leaks from blood capillaries into tissue spaces and becomes excess fluid absorbed by lymphatic vessels.

Lymph

The fluid inside lymphatic vessels composed of water and dissolved substances.

Lymphatic capillaries

Tiny, closed-ended tubes that receive interstitial fluid in the tissues.

Lacteals

Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine that absorb fat molecules from digested food.

Lymph nodes

Bean-shaped structures along lymphatic pathways containing white blood cells that filter lymph.

Phagocytosis

The process by which phagocytes such as macrophages engulf and digest pathogens.

Antibodies

Immunoglobulins produced by B cells that attach to pathogens to mark them for destruction.

Adaptive immunity

The immune response involving T and B lymphocytes that target specific pathogens.

Innate immunity

The body's initial, non-specific defense mechanisms present at birth.

Cytotoxic T cells

T cells that kill infected body cells or cancerous cells.

Memory cells

Long-lived B or T cells that respond more rapidly upon re-encountering a specific antigen.

Active immunity

Immunity that results from the body's own immune response to an antigen.

Passive immunity

Short-term immunity obtained from the transfer of antibodies from another source.

Allergic reaction

An excessive immune response to allergens that can cause tissue damage.

Autoimmune disease

Conditions where the immune system attacks its own healthy cells.

HIV/AIDS

A condition where the immune system is progressively destroyed, leading to increased susceptibility to infections.