ANSC 4406 full exam 2

which of the following is not considered a method of stunning?

physical

dentition is checked in cattle to indicate skeletal maturity; specifically cattle ________ months or older.

30

_________ is responsible for lean tissue growth throughout the animal.

somatotropin

________ is a term used by the industry to describe the disassembly of a carcass into smaller portions for marketing purposes.

fabrication

paylean, optaflex and zilmax are all examples of ________, hormone-like substances approved for swine and cattle.

beta agonists

what is the layer of oil, dirt and epidermal cells that accumulate on the surface of skin called?

scurf

inspection of the carcass for feces, milk or ingesta is called _______.

zero tolerance

an increase in muscle fiber is termed _____.

hypertrophy

hormone-like substances similar to epinephrine and norepinephrine.

beta agonists

longer stun to stick intervals may cause ruptured capillaries in muscle; this defect is known as:

blood splash

which of the following is not considered a major wholesale cut from a pork carcass?

belly

______ is the molecular, biochemical, and morphological events that occur during the formation of muscle fibers.

myogenesis

what kind of cells provide fibers with added DNA which increases the muscle’s ability to synthesize protein and grow?

satellite cells

the “four Ds” of antemortem inspection include the following except:

distressed

the step of harvest that differs from ritualistic to “standard” harvest is the _______ step.

stunning

lean value programs pay producers on a carcass weight basis rather than a live weight

true

the head of an animal is removed between the atlas and the axis joint

false

during growth, as the amount of one tissue increases, there is a concurrent decrease in the proportion of one or both remaining tissues

true

exsanguination is the removal of the viscera from the abdominal cavity

false

ovaries produce androgens, primarily testosterone

false

the number of muscle fibers continues to grow after birth

false

on average, beef have the highest dressing percentage among livestock species

false

double muscled animals have an increase in hyperplasia caused by defective myostatin genes

true

seam fat is also known as marbling

false

callipyge is a genetic disorder increasing hypertrophy postnatally

true

androgens increase fat deposition in males during growth

false

bos taurus influenced cattle breeds to have large hump heights, decreasing carcass values

false

concussion is a type of mechanical stunning

true

“porging” is the removal of arteries and veins for specific religious groups to consume meat

true

dressing percentage is determined by dividing the hot carcass weight by the live weight and multiplying by 100

true

A-frame hooks are primarily used during pork slaughter

false

USDA FSIS has a residue monitoring system

true

US Passes, US Suspect, and US Condemned are all examples of postmortem inspection.

true

beef and lamb are considered hierarchical grading systems

true

hyperplasia is an increase in cell size

false

growth promotants have a withdrawl period before the animal is harvested

true

US Acceptable and US Utility are the only quality grades for pork

true

the only approved gas for pork harvest is CO2

true

“drop credit” refers to profit from offal items removed on the kill floor

true

the growth curve of all livestock generally follows a bell shaped curve

false

identification of the pork breakdown

back- loin

hind leg- ham

bottom half of front leg- picnic shoulder

top half of front leg- boston butt

in the correct order, identify the steps of slaughter

1. antemortem inspection

2. stunning

3. exsanguination

4. hair removal

5. head removal

6. evisceration

7. splitting

8. final trim

9. postmortem inspection

10. washing and chilling

steps for embryonic myogenesis

1. multipotent cells

2. proliferation and differentiation

3. myotube

4. fusion

5. myofiber

fill out relationship with fat deposition, muscling, and live weight vs dressing %, carcass quality, yield

• dressing percent

  • increase in fat deposition

  • increase in muscling

  • increase in live weight

• carcass quality

  • increase in fat deposition

  • no effect in muscling

  • increase in live weight

• red meat yield

  • decrease in fat deposition

  • increase in muscling

  • decrease in live weight

what is Dr Temple Grandin initiate that animals should be free of?

fear and pain

what are full feed, market when ready, and do not hold?

full feed- feeding the animal until it reaches optimal muscle, fat and bone weight safely

market when ready- once the animal is at the optimal weight, place on the market for harvest

do not hold- don’t sit on an animal and wait to market until the market is ready or in a better financial situation

during beef harvest, cattle dentition is checked regularly. why do we look and what are we looking for?

searching for permanent incisor growth to indicate age b/c we don’t want to harvest beef over 30 months due to fear of BSE

what are some cattle defects?

• hard bones

  • C, D ,E maturity, ossification in hind quarters, indicates older age

• dark cutter

  • beef is darker, low glycogen and long term stress

• more than 30 months of age

  • higher ability to contract diseases, concern for BSE

  • SRM (specified risk material) must be removed on kill floor

• conformation

  • due to muscle injury

  • steatosis

• yellow fat

  • due to grass fed diet (not favored by consumers)

• hump height

  • genetic, more cross linking in muscles which makes it tougher

• bullock carcass

  • very lean, more bull traits than steer, typically quality grade low

• blood splash

  • ecchymosis, short term stress prior to slaughter (think minutes), nothing wrong with meat just not aesthetically pleasing