Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components, structures, functions, and monomers of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) based on the lecture notes.

Nucleic Acids

A category of biological molecules composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A double-stranded polymer form of nucleic acid that functions as genetic material for inheritance and determines the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A single-stranded polymer form of nucleic acid involved in making proteins by translating nucleic acid language to protein language.

DNA Nucleotides

The monomers of DNA, each consisting of 3 parts: a $5\text{-C}$ sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and 1 of 4 N-Bases (A, C, G, or T).

RNA Nucleotides

The monomers of RNA, each consisting of 3 parts: a $5\text{-C}$ sugar (ribose), a phosphate group, and 1 of 4 N-Bases.

DNA Shape

A double-stranded polymer structured in a helix.

RNA Shape

A single-stranded polymer.

Translation

The process involved in protein synthesis that translates nucleic acid language into protein language.