Flashcards for Medical Terminology Chapter 9

bulbourethral glands

Pair of exocrine glands near the male urethra. They secrete fluid into the urethra. Also called Cowper glands

ejaculation

Ejection of sperm and fluid from the male urethra

ejaculatory duct

Tube through which semen enters the male urethra

epididymis (plural: epididymides)

One of a pair of long, tightly coiled tubes above each testis. It stores and carries sperm from seminiferous tubules to the vas deferns

erectile dysfunction

Inability of an adult male to achieve an erection; impotence

flagellum

Hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile (able to move)

fraternal twins

Two infants resulting from fertilization of two separate ova by two separate sperm cells

glans penis

Sensitive tip of the penis; comparable to the clitoris in the female

identical twins

Two infants resulting from division of one fertilized egg into two distinct embryos.

Conjoined (“Siamese”)

twins are incompletely separated identical twin

interstitial cells of the testes

Specialized cells that lie adjacent to the seminiferous tubes in the testes. These cells produce testosterone and are also called Leydig cells.

parenchymal tissue

Essential distinctive cells of an organ. In the testis, the seminiferous tubules that produce sperm are parenchymal

penis

Male external organ of reproduction

perineum

External region between the anus and scrotum in the male

prepuce

Foreskin; fold of skin covering the tip of the penis

prostate gland

Exocrine gland at the base of the male urinary bladder. The prostate secretes fluid that contributes to semen during ejaculation

scrotum

External sac that contains the testes

semen

Spermatozoa (sperm cells) and seminal fluid (prostatic and seminal vesicle secretions), discharged from the urethra during ejaculation.

seminal vesicles

Paired sac-like exocrine glands that secrete fluid (a major component of semen) into the vas deferens

seminiferous tubules

Narrow, coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.=

spermatozoon (plural: spermatozoa)

Sperm cell

sterilization

Procedure that removes a person’s ability to produce or release reproductive cells; removal of testicles, vasectomy, and oophorectomy are sterilization procedures.

stromal tissue

Supportive, connective tissue of an organ, as distinguished from its parenchyma. Also called stroma

testis (plural: testes)

Male gonad (testicle) that produces spermatozoa and the hormone testosterone

testosterone

Hormone secreted by the interstitial tissue of the testes; responsible for male sex characteristic

vas deferens

Narrow tube (one on each side) carrying sperm from the epididymis toward the urethra. Also called ductus deferens.

carcinoma of the testes (testicular cancer)

Malignant tumor of the testicles

Seminoma

The most common tumor

embryonal carcinoma, teratoma, choriocarcinoma, yolk sac tumor

4 nonseminomatous tumors

Azoospermia

semen without sperm cells

Aspermia

No semen at all

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

Proteins which are produced from the tumors

cryptorchidism; cryptorchism

Undescended testicles

hydrocele

Sac of clear fluid in the scrotum

testicular torsion

Twisting of the spermatic cord

varicocele

Enlarged, dilated veins near the testicles

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign growth of cells within the prostate gland

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A type of Surgical treatment

carcinoma of the prostate (prostate cancer)

Malignant tumor (adenocarcinoma) of the prostate gland

Digital rectal examination (DRE)

Detects tumor at a later stage

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

A protein that is secreted by tumor cells into the bloodstream

Hypospadias

Congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis instead of at its tip

phimosis

Narrowing (stricture) of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis

Sexual transmitted infections (STIs)

Infections transmitted by sexual or other genital contact. Also known as Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or venereal diseases.

chlamydial infection

Bacterial invasion (by Chlamydia trachomatis) of the urethra and reproductive tract

gonorrhea

Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa, caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria).

Purulent

pus-filled

Herpes genitalis

Infection of skin and genital mucosa, caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) Infection

Infection of the skin and mucous membranes in the anogenital region by the human papillomavirus

syphilis

Chronic STI caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacterium)

PSA test

Measurement of the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood

semen analysis

Microscopic examination of ejaculated fluid

castration

Surgical excision of testicles or ovaries

circumcision

Surgical procedure to remove the prepuce of the penis

digital rectal examination (DRE)

Finger palpation through the anal canal and rectum to examine the prostate gland

photoselective vaporization of the prostate (GreenLight PVP)

Removal of tissue to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) using a green light laser (“laser TURP”)

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

Excision of the benign prostatic hyperplasia using a resectoscope through the urethra

vasectomy

Bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

ligation

tying and binding off the free ends with sutures