Career Counseling-Final Exam

career development theory that focuses on matching individuals’ traits and skills with requirements of an occupation

trait and factor

theory that introduced human interaction, sources of satisfaction, dissatisfaction, rewards, stress, and other psychological factors to career counseling

person-environment-correspondence

some who tends to be artistic, innovative, and prefers working with self-expressive ideas, they would most likely score high in this area of Holland’s RIASEC

artistic

someone who tends to like to work with data, carrying things out in detail or according to someone else’s instructions, and prefer structured situations to ambiguous situations, they would most likely score high in this area of Holland’s RIASEC

conventional

founded the Vocational Bureau of Boston and is known as the Father of Counseling

Frank Parsons

in Pope’s Six Stages of development, this stage saw information technology and private career placement practices change the landscape of counseling

stage 5 (Pope)

in Pope’s Six stages of development, this stage saw the growth of educational guidance in elementary and secondary schools

stage 2 (Pope)

career development theory emphasizes task-approach skills

Krumboltz’s Learning Theory

what is not a critical skill studied in Happenstance Approach Theory

opportunistic

personal performance, vicarious learning, social persuasion, and physiological states and reactions all help to develop…

self-efficacy

career theorist that emphasized that career development is a process that unfolds gradually over the lifespan

Super

Gottfredson’s theory of occupation aspirations stated that vocational interests are largely shaped by ____ and ____

prestige and sextype

according to Gottfredson, this is the stage where children start to categorize jobs by sex

stage two (Gott.)

when most people settle for what they think is acceptable and not outside their comfort zone when choosing an occupation rather than exploring what is the best possible choice, this is called…

compromise

when considering influences such as cultural norms, work setting, and individual, micro-level context, this would be utilizing…

person-in-environment lens

theory would emphasize that each individual’s unique learning experiences over the life span are the most influential aspect of the career choice process

learning theory

assessment that measures openness to experiences, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness

the big five

when workers feel there is a lack of challenge and learning new skills at work, they may value

environmental variety

not one of the 10 Well-being Determinants covered in class

non-overbearing supervision

in interviewing someone with a multicultural background, it is important to explore

religion

stereotyping and racism

confrontation style

theory that states that all individuals have three basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness

self-determination theory

common mid-life career change reasons do not include

work for the sake of public anonymity

stress or an unhealthy work environment can lead to ____ and can cause problems in personal relationships

anxiety

current practices in career counseling place a strong emphasis between ____ and ____

career development and mental health

the ____ was established by an act of Congress in ____ to develop occupational information systems for each state and assist in the organization of state committees as well as assist all users of occupational information to share information and to provide labor information for needs of youth

National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee in 1976

assessment used to asses the big five personality structures or domains of personality

NEO Personality Inventory-3

the Association for Assessment in Counseling developed in the Multicultural Assessment Standards: A Compilation for Counselors in order to help ensure…

assessments are normed on a generalizable population

____ developed the self-directed search, an instrument that is ____ and self-scored

Holland and self-administered

according to the National Career Development Association—

members recognize their limitations and provide services or only use techniques for which they are qualified by training/experience

career counselors recognize the need, and seek continuing, to ensure competent service

members seek only positions in which they are qualified for

if a client refuses to identify themselves in communication but would like to set up a counseling appointment —

you have to refuse to accept them

as a counselor setting up a new business, you are not allowed to…

monitor chats, threads, etc. and offer your services when mental health needs are discussed

this is not an ethical violation

counselor D trains a group of peer leaders to guide in the processing of assessment results for first year students and teaches them limits of confidentiality and training

before beginning seeking work, a work readiness assessment will help evaluate that clients must have ____ before starting work

stable housing

appropriate hygiene

reliable transportation

____ ____ ____ is a computer-based learning program that is highly individualized and designed based on information of a user’s level of understanding, performance, and types of errors made in performing a task

intelligent tutoring system

when evaluating if a computer-based program is worth investing in, what is something that Whiston doesn’t consider

any compromising funding for the instrument development

theorist that stated that mid-career development changes, whether positive or negative, were overall healthy and part of the normal trajectory of career development

Schlossberg

Super’s Life Career Rainbow identified ____ primary roles and ____ stages of career development

8 and 5

stage that includes constant expectations for adapting to new technology, product demand, and innovation to match changes in the market, yet is stable enough to also expend energy to civil and community duties

maintenance stage

not necessarily a female role; everyone who goes to live on their own fulfils this role and is responsible for their household

housemaker

process of learning new rules and regulations, figuring out expectations, and acclimating to a new situation is what Schlossberg calls…

moving-in

loss of job does not lead to

increased family satisfaction

overly stringent guidelines for behavior can be an example of this faulty cognition

perfectionism

miscarriages, a job offer being rescinded, or a cancelled graduation ceremony are all examples of…

non-event

having a long commute, an overbearing boss, or ongoing overlapping life role issues are all examples of…

chronic hassle

when taking stock of a new situation due to life events, Schlossberg advises counselors to help clients assess their assets, liabilities, feelings, and perspectives, which is all part of the ____

self

retirement challenges do not include

loss of family involvement

type of informal assessment that can be used to identify values, hobbies, skills, and personality characteristics…

card sorts

Super views the process of career choice on a continuum with ____ and ____ as the endpoints

growth and decline

instrument that was developed to use with students grades 6-12 and with adults to evaluate what Super defined as adaptability skills within vocational development…

career maturity inventory

according to Fry (2022), women make ____ for every one dollar that men make

80 cents

work environments that more likely to have instances of sexual harassment happen are not

open about mistakes

helpful model to use when counseling a dual career family

Klinger’s model

dual career families usually navigate three main issues of conflict…

role conflict

childcare

decision making

federal act of 1938 that established a federal minimum wage a protected children from being used as a labor force

fair labor standards act

anti-discrimination act in 1978 that established…

pregnancy discrimination act

work place and public spaces were forced to make reasonable changes in policies, practices, and procedures to avoid discrimination, and physical barriers had to be removed or alterations made to make physical spaces more accessible due to…

Americans with disabilities act

according to LGBT identity formation models, most models have a stage of denial or minimization of homosexual feelings due to…

minority stress

career plateaus, blackmail, ostracism in the workplace, and sexual harassment due to sexual orientation is also known as the…

lavender ceiling

not a reason why women are unable to pursue advancement except

fear of advancement

Americans with Disabilities 2008 amendment changed…

disabilities was expanded to include mental health illnesses and serious, chronic health conditions

1994 act that required public schools to provide interventions and special programs for children with “development delays”

individuals with disabilities act

according to the ADA, employers are allowed to…

ask about someone’s ability to perform a job task

a reason why homophobia is pervasive in Asian cultures

traditional gender roles and family systems are highly honored

when did the Chinese psychiatric association remove “homosexuality” from their index of mental health disorders

2000s

act that required that all children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21 receive education in regular classrooms whenever possible

education for all handicapped children

example of not inclusive language for the workplace

sexual preference

developing a dislike for oneself that stems from societal rejection — highly anxious, fearful, and self-loathing is also known as…

internalized homophobia

many LGBTQ+ workers wait until they have many things before coming out, except for

discrimination to take place

number one reason that people experience bias or discrimination in the United States

race/ethnicity

disability

physical, mental, or emotional impairment that substantially limits functioning in a major life activity such as walking learning, or working

person-in-environment approach view of disability

interaction between the person and environment, not as something “wrong” with the person

its impact in a specific environment

employment-population ratio

in 2017 17% of people with a disability were employed, compared to 64.6% of people without a disability

in 2023, 22.5% of individuals with disabilities are employed 

trait and factor approach with disabilities

matching based on abilities, or lack of detriment of the disability

social cognitive career theory approach with disabilities

people with disability often have lower self-efficacy, which is important for career choice

point of intervention

self-determination theory approach with disabilities

emphasizes fundamental needs: autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Super’s approach with disabilities

onset of disability

pre-career: progresses through with

mid-career: career adaptability needed

progressive or episodic: combination of impact