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Main functions of political parties
ROPER (representation; organise government; policy formulation; educate electorate; recruit leaders)
Definition: Manifesto
A public declaration of policy and aims, especially one issued before an election by a political party or candidate
Definition: Electorate
All the people in a country or area who are entitled to vote in an election
Definition: 'Red wall'
Seats lost by Labour in 2019 in the Midlands, Yorkshire and Northern England
Definition: Presidentialism
The tendency for political leaders to act increasingly like executive presidents, through the rise of personalised leadership
Definition: The 1922 Committee
A prominent Conservative Party committee of backbenchers that liaises between the parliamentary party leaders and those MPs on the bankbenches
Definition: The PLP
Parliamentary Labour Party
Definition: Conservative Association
Helps to run election campaigns
Number of Conservative members
200,000 (March 2021)
Definition: National Executive Committee
The administrative head of the Labour Party coordinating policy making and candidate selection
Definition: Trade Union and Labour Party Liason Organisation
Coordinate trade unions affiliated to Labour
Number of Labour members
496,000 in 2020 (peaked with 552,000 in June 2017 when Corbyn's leadership increased membership dramatically)
Definition: Federal Board
Governing body of the Liberal Democrats
Number of Liberal Democrat members
115,000 (August 2019)
How do Conservatives elect their leaders?
MPs choose top two from candidates; all party members vote
How do Labour elect their leaders?
PLP makes nominations; candidates need support of local parties/trade union members; all members and registered supporters then vote (since 2021 need support of 20% of Labour MPs, not 10%)
How do the Liberal Democrats elect their leaders?
Candidate needs support of 10% of MPs and backing from 20 local branches and support from at least 200 members; all members then vote
Definition: All-women shortlist
Lists of solely female candidates for a parliamentary constituency
Definition: Priority list
Centrally prepared lists of priority candidates offered to the local party when it draws up its shortlist for parliamentary candidates
Definition: Public hustings
Events where parliamentary candidates answer questions on their policies in front of the public
Definition: Open primaries
Elections in which any registered voter can choose to vote, not just party members
Are Conservative policies voted on?
No
Are Labour policies voted on?
Yes
Are Liberal Democrat policies voted on?
Yes
Who is considered to fund Labour?
Trade Unions
Who is considered to fund Conservatives?
Big businesses
Definition: OMOV
One member one vote
Definition: Legitimacy
The term used to refer to the authority of a government usually gained by winning an election
Which party is considered to have the most internal democracy?
Liberal Democrats
Which party is considered to have the least scope for direct member participation?
Conservatives
