Cell Theory and Structure - Year 11 Biology

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on cell theory, the structure and function of organelles, and comparisons between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

What are the three main points of the cell theory?

1. All organisms are composed of at least one cell. 2. Cells form the basic organizational structure of all living things. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and are usually smaller, while eukaryotic cells are larger and have a membrane-bound nucleus with various organelles.

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Mitochondria break down sugar molecules to produce energy for the cell.

What organelle controls all the cell's activities?

The nucleus.

What structures are unique to plant cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole.

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

What is the role of chloroplasts?

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

How do prokaryotic cells typically compare in size to eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells tend to be smaller than eukaryotic cells.

What are archaea known for?

Archaea can use a variety of energy sources, including ammonia and metal ions, and can live in extreme environments.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.