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248 Terms
Where is the 1918 influenza epidemic believed to have originated?
Kansas
When did the influenza epidemic spread worldwide?
1918–1919
Who was Henry Cabot Lodge?
A senator from Massachusetts
What issue is Lodge most remembered for?
His opposition to the League of Nations
What nickname was given to American soldiers during World War I?
Doughboys
What was the Elaine Massacre?
Attacks on African Americans in Phillips County, Arkansas
When did the Elaine Massacre take place?
September 30 – October 2, 1919
What was the Charleston in the 1920s?
A popular dance style
When was the NAACP founded?
1909
What does NAACP stand for?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Who were the Reservationists?
Americans who opposed the League of Nations but were open to compromise
Who was J. Edgar Hoover?
The man credited with establishing and expanding the FBI
What was the Red Summer?
A period of racial violence and riots in 1919
Who coined the phrase Red Summer?
James Weldon Johnson
Which workers went on strike in Seattle in February 1919?
Shipyard workers
Who was Marcus Garvey?
Founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)
Who was Mitchell Palmer?
U.S. Attorney General known for cracking down on labor unions and radicals
Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
Italian immigrants accused of robbery and murder
Why was their trial controversial?
Many believed they were convicted due to anti-immigrant prejudice
Where did World War I peace negotiations take place?
The Palace of Versailles
What was the temporary wartime prohibition law?
A 1918 act passed by Congress banning alcohol
Who were the irreconcilables?
Senators who opposed the League of Nations under any terms
Which country had a communist revolution in October 1917?
Russia
What was the Red Scare?
A U.S. crackdown on radical sentiment after the Bolshevik Revolution and WWI
What alliance proposal helped push the U.S. into WWI?
Germany’s plan for an alliance with Mexico
Through what telegram was this revealed?
The Zimmermann Telegram
What stance did the American Federation of Labor take during WWI?
It supported the war effort to show patriotism
What was the Meuse-Argonne Offensive?
A major WWI battle involving American troops
How many Americans died in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive?
About 26,277
What was the Lusitania?
A British passenger ship sunk by Germany in 1915
Why was the Lusitania significant for the U.S.?
It turned public opinion against Germany
Which city saw riots after the murder of Eugene Williams in 1919?
Chicago
What was “The Mayflower” in connection to the League of Nations?
A private rail car used to promote U.S. support for the League
Who was General John Pershing?
The commander of the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I
What was Pershing’s nickname?
“Black Jack”
What were Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points?
His plan for peace after World War I
What was Wilson’s top priority among the 14 Points?
Creating a League of Nations
What international organization was formed in the 1940s as a successor to the League of Nations?
The United Nations
What was the Volstead Act?
The law that enforced Prohibition
What did the Volstead Act ban?
Manufacture, sale, and transport of beverages with more than 0.05% alcohol
Who was Samuel Gompers?
The president of the American Federation of Labor in the 1920s
Who was Jeannette Rankin?
The first woman elected to Congress
When was Jeannette Rankin elected?
1916
Which state did Jeannette Rankin represent?
Montana
Who was Harry Daugherty?
U.S. Attorney General appointed by President Harding
Which group of workers launched a massive strike from Pennsylvania to Colorado after WWI?
Steelworkers
Who was Woodrow Wilson’s greatest political rival?
Theodore Roosevelt
What was the International Workers of the World (IWW)?
A radical labor organization
What nickname was given to the IWW?
The Wobblies
What two groups led the women’s suffrage movement?
The National Woman’s Party (NWP) and the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)
Who was Calvin Coolidge?
Governor of Massachusetts during the 1919 Boston Police Strike
What did Coolidge do during the police strike?
He sent in the National Guard
Which labor union had more than 4 million members in the late 1910s and 1920s?
The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Which U.S. city is considered the birthplace of jazz?
New Orleans
What was the General Intelligence Division (GID)?
A Justice Department division that became a predecessor of the FBI
Which amendment was at the center of the Schenck v. United States case?
The First Amendment
What did Schenck v. United States establish?
The “clear and present danger” test for limiting free speech
What scandal is most associated with President Warren G. Harding?
The Teapot Dome Scandal
What was the Espionage Act?
A WWI law that criminalized obstructing military recruitment or conscription
What was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?
A proposed amendment to ban discrimination on the basis of sex
Who was Charles Ponzi?
A conman found guilty of mail fraud
What scheme is Ponzi remembered for?
A fraudulent investment scheme, now called a “Ponzi scheme”
What was the Great Migration?
The movement of African Americans from the South to urban areas in the North, Midwest, and West
When did the Great Migration occur?
Roughly 1910–1970
What was the Sedition Act of 1918?
A law that restricted speech critical of the U.S. government during WWI
Who was convicted under the Sedition Act?
Charles Schenck
What slogan did Woodrow Wilson use to justify entering WWI?
“Make the world safe for democracy”
What was the Nineteenth Amendment?
The amendment that granted women the right to vote
What was the Harlem Renaissance?
A surge of Black artistic, literary, and cultural expression centered in New York City
Where was the Harlem Renaissance centered?
Harlem, New York
Before World War I, what was radio primarily used for?
Military applications
What is planned obsolescence?
The strategy of deliberately reducing a product’s lifespan
Which industry widely adopted planned obsolescence?
The automobile industry
How did car companies use planned obsolescence?
By releasing annual models
What was the “Tin Lizzie”?
A nickname for the Ford Model T automobile
What home technology eventually replaced the ice-box?
The electric refrigerator
By the late 1920s, how many miles of roads were hard-surfaced for automobiles?
About 3 million
What cereal was advertised as a food to reduce modern life’s stresses?
Bran Flakes
What was significant about the 1920 election?
It was the first presidential election broadcast over radio
Who was Owen Young?
Director of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
What minimum daily wage did Ford introduce in 1914?
$5 per day
Who was Charles Coughlin?
A Catholic priest and radio personality
What was Charles Coughlin’s nickname?
“The radio priest”
When did the auto industry begin purchasing on credit?
1919
Who was Albert Kahn?
An architect known for designing factories and industrial buildings
What was the Eveready Hour?
A nightly variety radio show
Who sponsored the Eveready Hour?
A battery company
Where was the base of the American film industry in the 1920s?
California
How did the film industry change in the 1920s?
It grew exponentially
Who was Clara Bow?
A silent film star nicknamed the “It Girl”
What role did Clara Bow play in 1927?
Betty Lou Spence in the film It
Who was Gertrude Ederle?
A swimmer who became widely known in the 1920s
What was the Monitor Top refrigerator?
A General Electric refrigerator
Who received the one-millionth Monitor Top refrigerator in 1931?
Henry Ford
Who were the “Vagabonds”?
Henry Ford, Thomas Edison, and Harvey Firestone
What inspired Ford’s assembly line at Highland Park?
The “disassembly” lines of Chicago meatpackers
When was the Model T first introduced?
1908
When was the Model T discontinued?
1927
Who was Amelia Earhart?
An aviator who became a cultural icon
What company featured Amelia Earhart in a 1938 advertisement?
Lucky Strike cigarettes