Chapter 5 Study Guide: Greece & Early Rome

Greece’s_________ terrain isolated many city-states.

Mountainous

Greek city-states were also called _________.

poleis

Traveling by______ was easier than traveling by land in ancient Greece.

sea

Because of easy sea travel, many ______cites became wealthy.

coastal

_______ was known for democracy, philosophy, arts, and a strong navy.

Athens

_____ was known for its powerful military and authoritarian government.

Sparta

Sparta emphasized a strong____ rather than democracy.

army

Athens is considered the birthplace of_____.

democracy

_______ created one of the earliest written law codes in Athens.

Draco

__________introduced reforms that improved life for Athenian citizens.

Solon

__________expanded democracy in Athens.

Cleisthenes

______ led Athens during its Golden Age.

Pericles

The Greeks practiced_______, meaning they worshipped many gods.

Polytheism

The goddess of wisdom and Athens was______.

Athena

The Greek god honored during dramatic festivals was _____.

Dionysus

__________, Sophocles, and Euripides were famous Greek playwrights.

Aeschylus

Sophocles and ______ were also important Greek playwrights

Euripides

The Persian king _______ first invaded Greece.

Darius

After Darius, _________also invaded Greece.

Xerxes

Despite Persian invasions, the _____defeated the Persians.

Greeks

Athens created the _______ League after the Persian Wars.

Delian

The rivalry between Athens and Sparta led to the _____War.

Peloponnesian

Greek soldiers known as ______ fought in close formation.

hoplites

Hoplites fought in the ______formation.

phalanx

Hoplites carried long ______ and large shields.

spears

________ II united Macedonia.

Philip

Philip II hired __________ to tutor Alexander.

Aristotle

Philip II planned to invade __________.

Persia

__________ the Great conquered the Persian Empire.

Alexander

Alexander’s conquests began the __________ Age.

Hellenistic

Rome admired and preserved much of _______ culture.

Greek

The Romans learned from earlier empires, including _____.

Persia

Greek culture spread throughout the __________ Empire.

Roman

A Greek city-state was called a __________.

polis

The fortified hill in a Greek city was the __________.

Acropolis

The temple dedicated to Athena in Athens was the __________.

Parthenon

Government by the people is called __________.

democracy

A heavily armed Greek foot soldier was a __________.

hoplite

The Greek military formation using overlapping shields was the __________.

phalanx

The war between Athens and Sparta was the __________ War.

Peloponnesian

The era following Alexander's conquests is called the __________ Age.

Hellenistic

__________ II was Alexander the Great's father.

Philip

__________ the Great spread Greek culture throughout his empire.

Alexander

__________ was Alexander the Great's tutor.

Aristotle

__________ led Athens during its Golden Age.

Pericles

__________ introduced important political and economic reforms in Athens.

Solon

__________ established one of Athens' earliest written law codes.

Draco

__________ is known as the Father of Athenian Democracy.

Cleisthenes