AR 3 Hearing Loss and Spoken Language Development

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, historical context, language domains, assessments, and empirical studies from the lecture on hearing loss and spoken language development.

Phonetics/phonology

The language domain that refers to speech sounds.

Vocabulary/lexicon

The language domain that refers to words.

Syntax/grammar

The language domain that refers to word order and combination.

Semantics

The language domain that refers to meaning.

Pragmatics

The language domain that refers to the conventions of language use.

Yoshinaga-Itano et al. (1998)

A landmark study of 150 hard of hearing children in Colorado showing significantly better receptive and expressive language outcomes for children identified with hearing loss earlier than 6 months compared to those identified later than 6 months.

A Man Without Words

A book by Susan Schaller highlighting rare cases of languageless individuals.

Early Eight

A group of early-acquired consonants consisting of /m b j n w d p h/ (stops, nasals, glides).

Middle Eight

A group of middle-acquired consonants consisting of /t ŋ k g f v tʃ ʤ/ (stops, fricatives, affricates).

Late Eight

A group of late-acquired consonants consisting of /ʃ Ɵ ð s z l r Ʒ/ (fricatives, liquids).

Morphosyntax

The use of word extensions such as suffixes or prefixes (morphemes) to alter grammatical meaning, including number, verb tense/agreement, and possessives.

Pre-CI Intelligibility Cutoff

A Pure Tone Average (PTA) around 90 dB HL, which historically served as the approximate threshold between likely mostly intelligible and likely mostly unintelligible speech.

Characteristic Deaf Speech Errors

Speech production errors commonly observed in deaf individuals, including final consonant reductions/deletions, absent morpheme marking, place of articulation errors, hypo- or hyper-nasal resonance, and prosodic errors.

Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals (CELF)

A standardized language assessment tool created by Wiig et al. (2004) for individuals aged 5 to 21 years.

Test of Reception of Grammar (TROG)

A standardized language assessment tool created by Bishop (2003) for individuals aged 4 to adult.

Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

A standardized vocabulary assessment tool created by Dunn and Dunn (2007) for individuals aged 2.5 to 90+ years.

MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI)

A parent questionnaire assessment tool created by Fenson et al. (2007) designed for younger children aged 8 to 37+ months.

Subclinical deficits

Subtle deficits found in current-era children who are hard of hearing whose language outcomes do not necessarily fall into the clinically impaired range.

Svirsky et al. (2003) Finding

A developmental trajectory analysis demonstrating that early-implanted children (12-24 months) are more likely to catch up to normal or near-normal expressive language and do so more quickly.

Blamey et al. (2001) Finding

A study demonstrating that an average cochlear implant user with a hearing loss of 106 dB HL performs like an average hearing aid user with a hearing loss of 78 dB HL.