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traveled the world between 1831 and 1836 to the Galapagos Islands
he observed the diversity of habitats and organisms
developed the theory of evolution by natural selection to explain the diversity of life
related species share a common ancestor
species differ because the adapt to diff environments
species adapt to fit their environment through natural selection***
2 Arguments:
through artificial selection (selective breeding) humans modify domesticated plant and animal populations by choosing which individuals produce offspring
through natural selection, nature selects which organisms have reproductive success based on fit to the environment
Variation - variation exists in a population
Selection - organisms whose traits improve their chance of survival in the environment will produce more offspring
Response to selection - in the next generations, a greater proportion of the population will have the favorable traits. *over generations, the population adapts to the environment*
direct observations of evolutionary change
homologous structures show diverse organisms are related
analogous structures show similar response to natural selection
historical record shows evidence of evolution
habitat isolation
temporal isolation
behavioral isolation
mechanical isolation
gametic isolation
reduced hybrid viability
reduced hybrid fertility
hybrid breakdown