psych 1010 exam 1

ekker goat

Who is the founder of psychology

Wilhelm Wundt and his laboratory

When was psychology founded

December of 1879

What are the schools of thought

structuralism and functionalism

structuralism

seeks to understand the structure of the mind and how they related to one another

• methods:

  • introspection and experiments

promotors of structuralism

Wundt and Titchener

functionalism

seeked the functions of the mind and mental processes.

• methods:

  • naturalistic observation

promotors of functionalism

James and influenced by Darwin

what is the definition of psychology

science of behavior and mental processes

related disciplines of psychology

• physiology

• philopsophy

• humanistic psychology

  • historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

• cognitive psychology

  • the study of mental processes

What are the 6 psychological perspectives

- psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

- behaviorism

- humanism

- cognitive

- biological/neuroscience

- socio-cultural

PsychoANALYTIC/PsychoDYNAMIC

• focus on unconcious experiences

  • Biological Urge (sex)

  • Aggressive Urge (fight)

• Early childhood

Behaviorism

• Focus on observable behavior

  • “did they get rewarded or punished for their actions.”

• Enviroment > Genetics

• Visual Learning

Founders of Behaviorism

Watson, Skinner, Pavlov

Founders of Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

Frued, Jung, Adler

Humanism

• Focus on uniqueness and individuality

  • Freedom of choice

Founders of Humanism

Maslow, Rogers

Cognitive

• Focus on the working mind

  • Decision making

  • problem solving

  • memory

Founders of cognitive

Piaget, Simon, Vygotsky

Biological/Neuroscience

• Focus on genetics, biochem

  • stress reactions

founders of biological / neuroscience

Sperry, Olds, Gazzaniga

Socio-cultural

• Focus on impact of others + situation on thoughts

  • Beauty and cultural standards

founders of socio-cultural

Bandura, Milgrim, Zimbardo

Biopsychological approach

integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Applied Psychologies

• clinical

• counseling

• psychiatry

• industrial/organization

Dendrites

recieve

axons

transmit away

All or none law

neuron will fire once it hits the threshhold. Same power as if the threshold was hit quicker or slowly

absolute refractory period

times when a neuron resets

What is the hindsight bias

“i knew it all along” phenomenon

overconfidence error

thinking you were right when you werent

confirmation bias

“i believe this sm that idc to see other perspective”

barnum effect

accepting info as true (tarot card readers)

THE SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE

1. curiosity

2. skepticism

3. humility

ethical safegrounds of psychological research (DRIPCF)

• informed consent

• confidentiality

• freedom from coercion

• protection from harm

• risk benefit analysis

• debriefing

hypothesis vs. theory

testable idea vs. well supported idea

types of psychological research

• case study

• naturalistic observation

• survey

random sampling

equal chance of subjects

causation vs. correlation

correlation predicts

causation is the actual cause

random assignment

equal chance to be in either group

blind study

person doesn’t know which group they’re in

double blind study

neither groups know what group theyre in

pros of experiments

• isolates the cause and effect

cons of experiments

• costly

• unethical

• logistics

CNS

• brain and spinal cord

• decisions for the body

PNS

• rest of the nervous system

• gathers and sends info to and from the body

Neuron types

sensory, motor, and interneurons

sensor neurons

carry messages from sensory recpetor to CNS

interneuron

• in the brain and spinal cord

• processes info

motor neuron

carry instructions out from CNS to body tissue

agonist

mimic neurotransmitter action

antagonist

oppose neurotransmitter action

Acetylcholine Ach (NT)

attention and learning

• deficit relates to alzheimers

Dopamine (NT)

motivation, pleasure movements,

• high levels —> schizo

• low levels —> parkinsons disease

Glutamate (NT)

excitement; increases information transfer

• high levels —> seizures

GABA (NT)

• slows down information transfer

  • low levels —> seizures

Norepinephrine (NT)

Mood, arousal

• low levels —> mood disorders

serotonin (NT)

sleep, eating, mood, agression

• abnormal levels —> depression and OCD

Endorphin (NT)

similar to opiate drugs

• but they’re naturally and internally produced

• Can dull pain and elevate mood

sympathetic NS vs parasympathetic NS

arousing vs. calming

autonomic (PNS)

controls self regulating actions

somatic (PNS)

control of voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

research methods to studying the brain

• damage studying (leisions)

• electrical stimulation

• brain imaging

left side of brain

Logic and analytic thinking

• right hand

right side of brain

creativity

• left hand

split brain surgery

difficulties coordinating tasks w both hands

Phineas gage

a guy that got a pole stuck in his head. still survived just had seizures and had personality changes but sitll had memory