Wk. 2 - Intro to Endocrine Disorders and Disorders of the Posterior Pituitary Gland Practice Questions Foreign Language

Which hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released from the posterior pituitary? a. TSH and ACTH b. Oxytocin and ADH c. Cortisol and aldosterone d. FSH and LH

B

Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to release T3 and T4? a. ACTH b. TSH c. FSH d. GH

B

Which hormone lowers serum calcium by inhibiting bone resorption? a. Calcitonin b. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) c. Aldosterone d. Cortisol

A

True or False: The adrenal medulla secretes glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

False

SIADH leads to which primary laboratory abnormality? a. Hypernatremia b. Hyponatremia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypercalcemia

B

Select all that apply. Appropriate nursing interventions for a patient with SIADH include: a. Seizure precautions b. Fluid restriction c. Encourage oral fluids to correct hyponatremia d. Strict I&O e. Administer hypertonic saline if severe

A,B,D,E

A patient with SIADH presents with serum sodium of 118 mEq/L. Which assessment finding would be most concerning? a. Muscle cramps b. Confusion and lethargy c. Weight gain of 2 lbs d. Low urine output

B

Which of the following is a hallmark laboratory finding in diabetes insipidus? a. Increased urine osmolality b. Decreased serum sodium c. Urine specific gravity

C

Select all that apply. Nursing management for central diabetes insipidus includes: a. Administer desmopressin (DDAVP) b. Restrict oral fluids c. Monitor serum sodium closely d. Daily weights e. Encourage high sodium diet

A,C,D

In nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which intervention is appropriate? a. Administer desmopressin b. Thiazide diuretics c. Increase fluid restriction d. Increase potassium intake

B

The nurse understands that desmopressin’s mechanism of action is: a. Blocks synthesis of thyroid hormones b. Increases renal water reabsorption c. Promotes sodium and water excretion d. Stimulates cortisol release

B

True or False: A major side effect of desmopressin is hyponatremia due to water intoxication.

True

Which assessment finding would require immediate intervention in a patient on DDAVP? a. Daily weight gain of 1 pound b. Urine specific gravity of 1.020 c. Serum sodium 118 mEq/L d. Mild nasal congestion

C

Which lab pattern is consistent with primary hypothyroidism? a. Low T3/T4, low TSH b. Low T3/T4, high TSH c. High T3/T4, low TSH d. High T3/T4, high TSH

B

Which clinical manifestation is most specific for severe hypothyroidism (myxedema coma)? a. Tremors and insomnia b. Hyperthermia and hypertension c. Hypothermia and hypoventilation d. Exophthalmos

C

Select all that apply. Collaborative care for hypothyroidism includes: a. Levothyroxine (Synthroid) therapy b. Educate patient on lifelong treatment c. Start with high dose levothyroxine immediately d. Manage weight and prevent constipation e. Provide warmth

A,B,D,E

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is: a. Toxic multinodular goiter b. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis c. Graves’ disease d. Pituitary adenoma

C

Which symptom is most characteristic of Graves’ disease? a. Cold intolerance b. Bradycardia c. Exophthalmos d. Constipation

C

A patient with thyroid storm may present with which of the following? a. Hyperthermia and seizures b. Hypotension and bradycardia c. Cold, clammy skin d. Hypoventilation

A

Select all that apply. Collaborative care for hyperthyroidism includes: a. Methimazole or PTU therapy b. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy c. Beta-blockers for symptoms d. Restrict calorie intake to prevent weight loss e. Nutritional therapy: high-calorie, high-protein diet

A,B,C,E

The classic “bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans” phrase refers to which disorder? a. Hypoparathyroidism b. Hyperparathyroidism c. SIADH d. Diabetes insipidus

B

Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with hyperparathyroidism? a. Hypercalcemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hyponatremia

A

Select all that apply. Non-surgical management of hyperparathyroidism includes: a. Hydration b. Weight-bearing exercise c. Low-calcium diet d. Calcitonin or bisphosphonates e. High-calcium diet

A,B,C,D

Which of the following commonly causes hypoparathyroidism? a. Adrenal tumor b. Thyroid or parathyroid surgery c. Pancreatitis d. Pituitary adenoma

B

Positive Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs are associated with: a. Hypercalcemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hypernatremia d. Hypokalemia

B

Select all that apply. Acute management of hypoparathyroidism includes: a. IV calcium gluconate b. Seizure precautions c. Oral vitamin D supplementation d. High-phosphorus diet e. Monitor ECG

A,B,E

Which medication is contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy? a. Levothyroxine b. Methimazole c. Propylthiouracil (PTU) d. Radioactive iodine (RAI)

B

Which antithyroid drug also inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3? a. Methimazole b. PTU c. RAI d. Levothyroxine

B

True or False: Radioactive iodine therapy is safe for use during pregnancy.

False

Which patient teaching is appropriate after RAI therapy? a. Share utensils with family to avoid waste b. Expect immediate results within 48 hours c. Avoid close contact with children and pregnant women d. Therapy will prevent lifelong hypothyroidism

C