COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

A potentially severe acute respiratory infection caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Clinical presentation

a respiratory infection with a symptom severity ranging from a mild common cold-like illness, to a severe viral pneumonia leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome that is potentially fatal

Characteristic symptoms (FDDL)

• Fever

• Dry cough

• Dyspnea

• Loss of taste and smell

some may be asymptomatic

Mode of transmission (DASF)

Droplets or aerosols

Airborne transmission

Surface transmission

Fecal-oral

Droplets or aerosol

most common

any infected person who coughs or sneezes or talk, tiny droplets called aerosols can carry virus into air and enter through their nose or mouth

Ideal distance for people to be protected from the virus

within 6 feet

Airborne transmission

through air if someone infected breathes out and you breath that air in

virus can live in the air up to?

3 hours

Surface transmission

less common method

when you touch surfaces that someone who has the virus has coughed or sneezed on

virus can live on surfaces like plastic and stainless steel for?

2-3 days

Fecal-oral

If that person uses the bathroom and doesn’t wash their hands, they could infect things and people that they touch

virus particles can be found in infected people’s stool

S/S for Mild illness (Common Symptoms) (FC FAD M)

Fever

Cough

Fatigue

Anorexia

Dyspnea

Myalgia (muscle aches)

S/S for Mild illness (Nonspecific Symptoms) (SNH DNL)

Sore throat

Nasal congestion

Headache

Diarrhea

Nausea/vomiting

Loss of smell/taste

Moderate s/s for Adult (FCFD BB)

clinical signs of pneumonia

Fever

Cough

Fast breathing

Dyspnea

But no signs of severe pneumonia

Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) >90% on room air

Moderate s/s for Children (CDFN)

clinical signs of non-severe pneumonia

Cough

Dyspnea

Fast breathing

No signs of severe pneumonia

Severe s/s for Adult

• Clinical signs of pneumonia

  • Fever

  • Cough

  • Dyspnea

  • Fast breathing

• Plus one of the following

  • Respiratory rate >30 breaths/min

  • Severe respiratory distress

  • SpO2 <90% on room air

Severe s/s for Children

• Clinical signs of pneumonia

  • Cough

  • Difficulty of breathing

• Plus at least of the following

  • Central cyanosis or SpO2 <90%

  • Severe respiratory distress

    • Fast breathing

    • Grunting

    • Very severe chest indrawing

• General danger signs

  • Inability to breastfeed or drink

  • Lethargy or unconsciousness

  • Convulsions

Critical disease (PS SAM)

• Presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

• Sepsis

• Septic shock

• Acute thrombosis

• Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (in children)

Tests to be done in order to detect COVID-19

PRC test

Antigen test

PRC Test

molecular test

can detect genetic material of virus using lab technique

A fluid sample is collected by inserting a long nasal swab (nasopharyngeal swab) into your nostril and taking fluid from the back of your nose

or by using a shorter nasal swab (mid-turbinate swab) to get a sample

In some other cases, a long swab is inserted into the back of your throat (oropharyngeal swab)

Spit into a tube to produce saliva sample

Antigen test

detects certain proteins in the virus

using a long nasal swab to get a fluid sample

some antigen tests can produce results in minutes, others may be sent to a lab for analysis

(+) result

means you currently have an active infection with the virus that causes COVID-19

What should you do when you are (+) to COVID-19?

You’ll need to self-isolate, to avoid spreading the virus to others, until your symptoms are improving

If you have a positive result but never developed symptoms, isolate for 10 days after the test

(-) result

you likely weren’t infected with the COVID-19 virus

even if you test negative, you could become infected in the future

contact tracing

Plays a key in limiting the spread of infectious diseases.

The sooner contact tracing starts, the more effective it is in limiting virus spread

Quarantine Recommendations

Wear a face mask, as advised by the CDC.

Maintain at least six feet of distance between yourself and others.

Avoid large gatherings.

Get vaccinated as soon as you are eligible.

Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

Minimize touching your eyes, nose and mouth.

Stay home when you are sick.

Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.

Clean frequently touched objects and surfaces regularly.

Wash your hands often with soap and water.

People are not considered fully vaccinated until ______________ their second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, or Sinovac

2 weeks after

Management of signs and symptoms

Administer oxygen as indicated

Encourage deep breathing exercises

Monitor temperature

Monitor respiratory rate and saturation level

Encourage semi-fowler's position as tolerated

Provide hydration

Dispose secretions properly

Have the patient cover mouth when coughing or sneezing

Use and wear mask at all times

Have anyone wear proper PPE (protective personal equipment) when interacting with the patient

Keep door and windows open at all times for proper ventilation

Provide wellness

Review drug regimens, side effects and other potential interaction with other medication.

Emphasize necessity of taking antibiotics.

Review medical regimens and provide information and assistance as necessary.

Provide number of contact person to answer questions and validate information post discharge