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test for chlorine
bleaches damp litmus paper turning it white
may be red for a second as solution is acidic
test for oxygen
if you put a glowing splint inside a test tube with oxygen the splint should relight
test for carbon dioxide
bubbling co2 through a aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide(lime water) will turn the solution cloudy
test for hydrogen
if you hold a lit splint at the open end of a test tube a squeaky pop sound should be made
test for sulphates
add a couple drops of hcl then a couple drops of barium chloride a white precipitate should be formed
test for a carbonate
place a drop of dilute acid into a test tube connect this test tube to a test tube of limewater if it turns cloudy a carbonate is present
how to test for any halide
add a drop of dilute nitric acid followed up by a couple of drops of silver nitrate solution
positive result for chloride
white precipitate of silver chloride
positive result of bromide
gives of a cream precipitate of silver bromide
positive test for an iodide
gives off a yellow precipitate of silver iodide
flame test for lithium
Li+ - burns with a crimson flame
flame test for sodium ions
NA+ - burns with a yellow flame
flame test potassium ions
K+ - burn with a lilac flame
flame test for calcium ions
Ca2+ - orange-red flame
flame test for copper
Cu2+- burn with a green flame
how to perform a flame test
clean a platinum wire loop by dipping it in some dilute HCL then hold the wire over a blue flame from a bunsen burner until it burns without any colour. Lastly dip the loop into the sample you want to test and put it back over the flame, then record the colour of the flame
many metals form a coloured precipitate with NAOH
what happens when a solution with calcium in it has sodium hydroxide added to it
forms a white precipitate
what happens when a solution with copper(11) in it has sodium hydroxide added to it
forms a blue precipitate
what happens when a solution with iron(II) in it has sodium hydroxide added to it
forms a green precipitate
what happens when a solution with iron(III) in it has sodium hydroxide added to it
forms a brown precipitate
what happens when a solution with aluminium in it has sodium hydroxide added to it
forms a white precipitate at first but then turns colourless as it redissolves with excess NAOH
what happens when a solution with magnesium in it has sodium hydroxide added to it
forms a white precipitate
