HN WH Lap 3 Quiz

Know the 3 periods in Greek history.

Archaic period, Classical period, Hellenistic period

Where was the Minoan civilization located?

the island of Crete

What sport was unique to the Minoans and how do we know about it?

Bullet leaping. We know about it due to their art (frescoes, vases, wall paintings)

Which early Greeks fought the Trojan War?

Achaeans

How did the Athenians avoid political/social upheaval?

through timely reforms that moved towards a democracy

Know the 2 writings of Homer.

The Illiad, The Odyssey

Why is Herodotus called the Father of History?

He pioneered the accurate reporting of events such as in his book about the Persian Wars.

Identify the 3 column- capital styles.

Doric, Ionic, Corinthian

Know the 2 styles of Greek theater.

comedy, tragedy

Peloponnesus

a large, mountainous peninsula in southern Greece, home to famous cities like Sparta and Corinth

Sea People

a confederation of seafaring invaders who raided the coasts of the Mediterranean 

Delian League

an alliance of ancient Greek city-states, led by Athens, founded after the Persian Wars to defend against Persian threat

helots

peasants forced to stay on the land they worked

red-black pottery

style of vase painting with red figures on a black background

Parthenon

an ancient Greek Doric temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, Phidias designed it

contra posto

“s” curve in the figure of a sculpture body

Idealism

the belief that the true reality is not the changing physical world, but a realm of perfect, unchanging ideas

Pythagorean Theorem

fundamental geometric principle, a²+b²=c²

Cause & Effect: explain the political impact of geography/mts. on Greece.

Becuase the mts. divided the land into regions, the Greeks developed small, indepndent communities within each region.

Effects: explain the economy and social impact of the geography/climate/products.

Mountainous terrain developed independent city-states, moderate climate allowed for outdoor public life, few natural resources made a trade economy essential. (specialized crops, small population, etc.)

Contrast Minoan and Mycenaean capital cities/gov., art, and writing.

Minoan - centered on the island of Crete, had a peaceful, trade-oriented culture, bull-leaping, vibrant art colors, and writing

Mycenaean: Mycenae, mainland-based, had a militaristic society known for conquest, simpler colored art, and adapted Minoan writing systems to the Greek language

Contrast the end of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations.

Minoan: collapsed due to volcanic eruptions, other natural disasters, invasions, and loss of maritime trade

Mycenaean: collapsed around 1200 BC due to sea raiders attacking and burning cities

Contrast Athenian and Spartan gov. and militaries.

Athens: a democratic (ruled by citizens) city-state, with military supporting its commercial empire and maritime trade 

Sparta: an oligarchic (ruled by small group of citizens), valued military strength over learning, with a highly disciplined/professional army, which was the backbone of their society 

Contrast Athenian and Spartan education and values.

Athenian: democracy, sons of wealthy families received education, athletic activities & normal learning, girls didn’t attend

Spartan: military-based, intense military training education, focused on physical discipline, girls also trained & had freedom

Contrast the role of citizens, and women + slaves in Athens and Sparta.

Athens-

citizens (men): democratic participation

women: confined to the home, lacked legal/political rights

slaves: treated as property with limited rights

Sparta-

citizens (men): military service and civic duty

women: enjoyed greater autonomy, managing property, & receiving physical training

slaves: brought under control by conquest, tied to the land and forced into labor

Contrast the reforms of Solon and Cleisthenes.

Solon - (ECONOMIC & SOCIAL) focused on addressing the economic crisis and social inequality, laying the groundwork for democracy by abolishing debt slavery and reforming wealth-based classes 

Cleisthenes - (POLITICAL & FOUNDATIONAL) establishing a full democracy, including reorganizing citizens by geographic location into demes, creating the Council of Five Hundred, and introducing ostracism to prevent tyranny

Cause & Effect: What was the cause of the Persian War?

when Greeks in the Persian-controlled territory rose in the Ionian revolt

Cause & Effect: list 2 impacts of the Persian War on Greek gov./leadership.

the temporary creation of a Pan-Hellenic identity and alliances like the Delian League, and the rise of Athenian dominance

Contrast pediments and friezes.

Pediment - a triangular space found on the short ends of a building

Friezes - a long horizontal band that is part of a superstructure of moldings and bands that rests on the top of columns