more bio exam terms

riziods

are fake roots (moss)

root cap

protects the apical meristem of the root

apical meristem

a region of cells that are responsible for the plants growth and development of new organs

symbiotic relationships

both memebers gain advantages from one another

mycorrhiza

symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi, where fungi helps get nutrients from soil

mycology

study of fungi

heterotrophic

an organism that cannot produce it’s own food, instead it takes nutrients from other sources of organic carbon, mainly through plant and animal matter

saprobes

some are parasitic, heterotrophic organism

hyphae

multicellular fungi consist of long, slender filaments

mycellium

mass of connected hypahe

chitin

makes up fungal cell walls, is also the hard shells of arthropods

Mycorrhizae- mutualistic relationships

between soil fungi and roots of many plants. They give plants a greater absorption surface and helps plants gain mineral nutrients

monokaryotic

1 nucleus

dikaryotic

2 nuclei within each hypal cell, but are not fused

Bryophytes (non-vascular)

diverenged from other plant lineages early in history of plant evolution. examples liverworts, mosses, hornworts.

haploid

1 set of chromosomes

diploid

2 sets of chromosomes

karyogamy

fusion of the nuclei

thread-like funcal filaments

mycelium

gametophyte

gamete producing that includes haploid phase

sporangia

prodcues and stores asexual spores

spores

reproductive cell that can survive in unfavorable conditions

sporophyte

multicellular, diploid stage in the life cycle of plants and algae that produces asexual spores

primary group of plants you need to know for this class that are gametophyte dominant

moss

Primordia

a group of cells that represents earlt stages of developemnt of plant organs.

if you cut the apical meristem how do trees grow?

secondary growth takes place through the lateral meristem, which grows a tree laterally not vertically

sieve tube member with companion cells

found in angiosperms

rhiziods

fake roots found in moss, asexual

rhizomes

horizontally grown plant stems that run acrosed the ground, or underground, found in ferns

roots

support for plants, as an anchor while colleecting nutrients, in vascualr plants

mycorrhizae

mutual relationship between plants and fungi, this is the connection between fungal hypae and plant roots

mycoses

fungal infections

vascular cambium

tissues in roots and stems that produce a secondary growth. Holds secondary xylem and phloem

angiosperm

bear flowers and fruits

gymnosperms

produces seeds