virus mc3

virus mc e

what kind of pathogen is virus

obligate intracellular pathogen

the size of a virus

10 to 300 in diameter

the material used in seeing the virus since they are small what is that material ?

electron microscope

•• are obligate intracellular pathogens in that they must enter

a cell to replicate.

virus

definition of virions

complete virus particles

• “Complete virus particles”.

• very small and simple in structure.

• extracellular form of the virus that is not capable of

reproduction but is capable of infecting.

virion

The simplest form of human viruses consists of nothing

more than ________surrounded by a protein coat _______

nucleic acid and capsid

does virus all have protein coat yes or no ?

yes

Composed of

repeating

________(building blocks of

capsid) / small

capsomeres

2 types of capsids

icosahedral and helical

nucleic acid genome plus capsid equals what ?

nucleocapsid

o In some viruses,

covered with

________

lipoprotein envelope

viral structure ?

ALL VIRUS HAVE?

COMPLETE THE SENTENCE

All viruses have capsid but not all viruses contain lipoprotein

general properties of a virus b

virus possess what?

virus possess rna and dna but never both

unable to __________make______ and ______ on their own; only when it has been introduced into

the host cell.

replicate, protein and nucleic acid

There are no ribosomes for protein synthesis or sites

of energy production. Hence, the virus must invade

and take over a functioning cell to produce new virions.

They depend • they depend on what

ribosomes, enzymes and metabolites of the host cells

o just like a messenger ______

o _____ virus enters a host cell, its ____can immediately

be translated by the host’s ribosomes into protein

rna viruses

_______ cannot be translated directly into

proteins. It must be transcribed into mRNA with

subsequent translation of mRNA into structural

proteins and enzymes

dna viruses

EACH PERSON CONTAINS _____ pairs of DNA bond pairs

2.9 billion

99% of our DNA is the same; only _____ is different, hence the reason we have different characteristics

1 percent

50% of our DNA is the same as ______

banana

the order of central dogma of genetics

dna - rna - proteins

more abundant

just like mrna

no need to go transcription - straight to translation since it it is already an mrna

rna viruses

– complement replication (T=A; C=G

DNA replication

happens in the nucleus; need mRNA to transcribe the code from DNA

replication; you replace Thymine with Uracil

transcription

RNA → DNA → mRNA → Protein (reverse and sneak into host DNA!)

what kind of virus is this and its tool or virulence factors

Retrovirus and reverse transcriptase

DNA VIRUS (VIRAL GENOME

Has a unique virus called – __________– has enzyme called ____________

(enzyme) - allows virus to produce copies of RNA and convert to DNA

retrovirus and the enzyme reverse transcriptase

when viruses need to increase in number, they undergo ________

viral replication

viral replication

- influenza virus becomes attached to a target epithelial cel

attachment

viral replication

the cell engulfs the virus by endocytosis

penetration

dna replication

iral contents are released (releasing contents most esp. genome: DNA or

RNA

Uncoating

viral RNA enters nucleus, where is is replicated by the viral rna

polymerase

biosynthesize

viral replication

new phase articles are ________

assembled

new viral particles are made and released into extracellular fluid. The cell,

which is not killed in the process, continued to make new virus

release

inclusion bodies

cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in nerve cells of cells infected with

rabies

Negri bodies

Remnants of infected cells, which may be found in the _______ or within the _________

cytoplasm and nucleus

examples of a inclusion bodies

negri bodies and owl eyes inclusion

inclusion bodies

intranuclear IB for CMV (cytomegalovirus)

owl eyes inclusion

Evidence from the bodies that they have been infected with virus

- Remnants of infected cells, which may be found in the cytoplasm or within the nucleus

inclusion bodies

where does the negri bodies site found specific

cytoplasm

where does the owl site inclusion found

nucleus

An infectious disease that may go from symptomatic to asymptomatic then sometime

later go back to symptomatic

latent infections

latent virus infection

nfected person is always harboring the virus in nerve cells →

fever,stress, or excessive sunlight can trigger the viral genes → produce more viruses →

cold sore develops

herpes virus infection

examples of a latent virus infections

herpes virus infection

shingles /varicella zoster infections

latent virus infections

occurs after a chickenpox infection → virus

remains latent on the dorsal root nerve ganglia → weakened immune system → latent

chickenpox virus resurfaces

shingles / varicella zoster infections

(also called Cancer-Causing Viruses)

Viruses that can cause cance

oncogenic virus

Dna virus classification

3PS

parvovirus

poxvirus

papovavirus

the family name for the 3PS

pavovaviridae

poxviridae

parvoviridae

dna classification

1A

Adenovirus

family name for

1A

Adenoviridae

drug classifications

2HS

Herpes virus

Hepadnavirus

family name for the

2Hs

hepadnaviridae

herpesviridae

Ex. (b) Owl eyes inclusion - intranuclear IB for CMV _________ what virus?

cytomegalovirus

• Associated Cancers:

  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A cancer originating in the upper part of the throat behind the nose.

  • Burkitt lymphoma: A type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.​

• Common Symptom:

  • Tonsillitis: EBV is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis, often presenting with sore throat and swollen tonsils.​

Epstein - Barr virus

• Associated Cancer:

  • Kaposi’s Sarcoma: A cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels, commonly seen in individuals with AIDS.​

• Common Symptom:

  • Rash: Lesions or rashes on the skin are characteristic of Kaposi’s Sarcoma.​

---

Human Herpesvirus 8

• Associated Cancer:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma: The most common type of primary liver cancer.​

• Common Symptom:

  • Liver-related signs: Symptoms may include jaundice, abdominal pain, and liver enlargement.

Hepatitis B virus and Hepatitis C Virus

• A cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels, commonly seen in individuals with AIDS.​

kaposi’s sarcoma

• Associated Cancers:

  • Cervical cancer: Cancer of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.

  • Penile cancer: Cancer of the penis.​

• Common Symptom:

  • Lesions: Infections can lead to visible changes in cervical tissue, detectable during medical examinations.​

Human Papillomavirus

• Associated Cancer:

  • Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL): A rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells.

• Common Symptom:

  • Lymphadenopathy: Swollen lymph nodes, along with other symptoms like skin lesions and fatigue.​

Human T-Lymphotropic virus 1

A cancer originating in the upper part of the throat behind the nose.

nasopharyngeal carcinoma

How virus causes disease

immunologic injury from host immune response

Which lymphocyte has a good role in the innate immune system?

Natural killer cells

DNA Virus

Smallest DNA virus; only single-stranded, naked

parvoviridae, parvovirus b-19

MOT of the transmission of parvoviridae/ and parvovirus B-19

Respiratory droplets and transplacental

Diseases for the parvovirus B-19 / Parvoviridae

erythema infectiosum

aplastic crisis

Disease for parvovirus

“slapped cheek disease” – bright red rash on cheeks, fever, sore throat, coryza (runny nose); “the fifth disease” (5th disease known to have been discovered by kids before); common in children; mild, self-limiting

erythema infectiosum

virus will stop production of RBCs in bone marrow - anemia; (rare instances wherein virus from URT spread into bone marrow causing

aplastic crisis

The most common type of primary liver cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Cancer of the penis.​

penile cancer

: A type of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.​

burkitt lymphoma

Cancer of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.

cervical cancer

Cancer of the cervix, the lower part of the uterus.

hepatocellular carcinoma

A rare cancer of the immune system's T-cells.

Adult T-cell leukemia

Swollen lymph nodes, along with other symptoms like skin lesions and fatigue.​

lymphadenopathy

- Smallest DNA virus; only single stranded, naked

-MOT: Respiratory droplets, transplacental

- Diseases: ● Erythema Infectiosum – “slapped cheek disease” – bright red rash on cheeks, fever, sore throat, coryza (runny nose); “the fifth disease” (5th disease known to have been discovered by kids before); common in children; mild, self-limiting
● Aplastic Crisis – virus will stop production of RBCs in bone marrow - anemia; (rare instances wherein virus from URT spread into bone marrow causing Aplastic Crisis)

parvoviridae and parvovirus b-19

what is adeno in latin

gland

MOT FOR adenovirus/adenoviridae

respiratory droplets

what are the diseases of adenovirus.adenoviridae

upper respiratory tract infection

lower respiratory tract infections

acute gastroenteritis viral diarrhea

what kind of disease adenovirus
“pink eyev

viral conjunctivitis

what kind of disease is a sore throat adenovirus

pharyngitis

diarrhea and loose bowel movements, common in children

acute gastroenteritis viral diarrhea

→ inflamed bronchi → narrow passageway for air, what kind of diseaes is this ` adeno virus

bronchitis

(disease of the lungs; have symptoms of pneumonia, but when x-ray is taken, the lungs seem to be normal)adenoviridae

atypical pneumonia

- MOT: Respiratory droplets, direct contact with respiratory secretions, fecal-oral route -

Diseases:

● Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Common cold (coryza); Viral Conjunctivitis – “pink eye”, Pharyngitis – sore throat

● Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Bronchitis → inflamed bronchi → narrow passageway for air, Atypical Pneumonia (disease of the lungs; have symptoms of pneumonia, but when x-ray is taken, the lungs seem to be normal)

● GIT: Acute Gastroenteritis (viral diarrhea) – diarrhea and loose bowel movements, common in children

adenovirus/adenoviridae

mode of transmission for human papillomavirus / papovaviridae

sexual contact

direct contact with lesions

virus)___________- regulate growth of cells that can cause cancer; HPV inactivated tumor suppressor cells - meaning there are no more cells/genes that can detect tumor and regulate their growth

papovavirus

oncogenic

diseases for the human papillomavirus / papovaviridae

HPV 6 AND 11 AND ALSO HPV 16 AND 18

WHAT KIND OF DISEASE IS THIS PAPOVAVIRIDAE

Genital warts,

HPV 6 AND 11

WHAT KIND OF DISEASE IS THIS PAPOVAVIRIDAE

Carcinoma of the cervix

HPV 16 AND 18

- Oncogenic (can cause cancer): ___________ regulate growth of cells that can cause cancer; HPV inactivated tumor suppressor cells - meaning there are no more cells/genes that can detect tumor and regulate their growth

WHAT DOES THE VIRUS TARGET r

tumor suppressor cells

r is used to detect this virus in women the hpv 6and 8 and hpv 16 18

pap smear

when was the vaccine for human papillomavirus and papovaviridae introduced

2008

MOT: Sexual contact, direct contact with lesions - Pathogenesis: virus infects squamous cells → incorporates into the cells → encode proteins → inactivate tumor suppressor genes → DNA replication of virus – increase in number -

Oncogenic (can cause cancer): virus targets tumor suppressor cells - regulate growth of cells that can cause cancer; HPV inactivated tumor suppressor cells - meaning there are no more cells/genes that can detect tumor and regulate their growth -

Diseases: ● FOUR SEROTYPES: H

PV 6 and 11 – Genital warts, HPV 16 and 18 – Carcinoma of the cervix

human papillomavirus papovaviridae

classsification of herpesviridae or herpesvirus

envelope

mode of transmission for herpesvirus or herpesviridae

direct contact with lesions

diseases for herpesvirus or herpesviridae

varicella (chickenpox

herpes zoster infection

what are the viruses in herpesvirus or herpesviridae

herpes simplex virus

herpes simplex virus 1

herpes simplex virus 2

variclella zoster virus

what is this disease in herpesviridae

mild acute, generalized, self-limiting infection with fever and

itchy skin rash – dew drops on a rose petal appearance that begins on the trunk and

spreads to face and extremities with lesions of different stages – Centrifugal Spread,

vesicles also formed in the mucous membranes

varicella

what kind of disease is this in herpesviridae

reactivation after being latent in the dorsal nerve

root ganglion due to immunosuppression; involves inflammation of the sensory ganglia

of the cutaneous nerves; reactivation happens when immune system is dow

Symptoms: unilateral painful vesicular eruption with dermatomal distribution with fluid

filled vesicles, pain and paresthesia

herpes - zoster infection