Year 10 Science Physical Sciences: Motion and the Universe

Flashcards for key vocabulary related to motion, forces, energy, and the universe.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Total energy is maintained in energy transfer and transformation.

SI unit for length

meter (m)

SI unit for mass

kilogram (kg)

SI unit for temperature

Kelvin (K) or Celsius (°C)

SI unit for time

second (s)

SI unit for weight

Newton (N)

SI unit for velocity

meter per second (m/s)

SI unit for acceleration

meter per second squared (m/s²)

micro

10⁻⁶

milli

10⁻³

kilo

10³

mega

10⁶

Distance (d)

The path length travelled by an object.

Displacement (s)

The shortest distance from the initial to the final position of an object, with a direction.

Speed

The rate at which an object covers distance.

Velocity (m/s)

The rate at which an object changes its position.

Equation to describe motion: Distance

Distance = speed x time

Equation to describe motion: Average velocity

Average velocity = change in displacement over time

Equation to describe motion: Average acceleration

Average acceleration = change in velocity over time

Newton’s First Laws of Motion

Newton's First Law: An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by a force.

Newton’s Second Laws of Motion

Newton's Second Law: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the same direction as the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. F=ma

Newton’s Third Laws of Motion

Newton's Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Free body diagrams

Shows all forces acting on a body

Key events (in terms of a simple timeline) for the origin and continued evolution of the universe

A timeline that includes: Age of universe, Subatomic particles, Nuclei & light, Atoms, Stars & galaxies, Solar system, Life on our planet.

Speed of light in a vacuum

3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠

Evidence for the big bang theory: Hubble’s observations

Expanding universe, Red shift of galaxies

Evidence for the big bang theory: CMB

Cosmic microwave background

light-years (ly)

Distance light travels in one year

astronomical units (AU)

Average distance between Earth and the Sun.