chapter 21

1903

Wright Brothers first flight

1908

Ford’s Model T

1912

sinking of the titanic

1914

completion of the Panama Canal

theodore roosevelt

1901-1909

william taft

1909-1913

woodrow wilson

1913-1921

henry ford

perfected the first American automobile (Model T)

assembly line

fill in the blank

Henry Ford was also known for the _________ ____ to mass produce cars 

orville and wilbur wright

first successful airplane flight in Kitty Hawk, NC (1903)

guglielmo marconi

invented the wireless telegraph in 1896

titanic

largest luxury ocean liner of the time; struck by an iceberg and sunk in 1912

• electricity

• internal combustion engine

fill in the blanks

________ and the ______ _______ ________ spurred industry in the early 1900s

automation

applies to machines that operate and regulate themselves

theodore roosevelt

suddenly became president after McKinley’s assassination; served in Cuba during the Spanish-American War

theodore roosevelt

youngest man to become a president

robert m. la follette

“Fighting Bob” because of his fight for good government

progressive era

fill in the blank

the ________ ____ is considered to have begun with Roosevelt’s presidency (1901)

• roosevelt

• taft

• wilson

list the progressive presidents

• standard oil co.

• american tobacco co.

fill in the blanks

most important businesses broken up by the Supreme Court were ________ _____ ___. and the ________ _______ ___.

expedition act

facilitated antitrust cases in federal courts

trust buster

fill in the blank

Roosevelt was known as the ______ _______ for breaking up large trusts that he believed were harmful to Americans

department of commerce and labor

fill in the blank

laws that regulated business during Roosevelt’s Administration: Elkins Act, Hepburn Act, and the law that established a ________ ____ _______ ____ _______

united mine workers

went on strike for shorter work days and increase in pay (led by John Mitchell)

panic of 1907

cause by a sharp drop in stock prices on Wall Street during Roosevelt’s administration

lincoln steffens

wrote Shame of the Cities to condemn corrupt city politics

ida tarbell

History of the Standard Oil Companies attacking practices followed by big businesses

upton sinclair

Author of The Jungle exposing the terrible conditions of the meatpacking industry

meat inspection act

granted the power to inspect shipped meat

pure food and drug act

fill in the blank

Congress passed the _____ ______ ___ _____ ____ as a result to prevent the manufacture and sale of contaminated food and drugs

muckrakers

journalists who focused on all the problems and issues in society

conservation

fill in the blank

Because of Roosevelt’s love of the outdoors, he worked to promote ___________ (Gifford Pinchot would assist him)

roosevelt dam

Arizona’s Salt River

150 million

fill in the blank

Roosevelt added about ____ ______ acres to the national forest reserve

hay-pauncefote treaty

granted the US the right to build and police a canal through Central America

isthmus of panama

30 mile wide site for the route of the Panama Canal

nicaragua

fill in the blank

_________ was also considered for a canal route

republic of panama

fill in the blank

Roosevelt granted the ________ ___ ________ diplomatic recognition

hay-bunau-varilla treaty

granted the US a 10 mile wide zone through the Isthmus of Panama

william gorgas

appointed chief sanitary officer of the Panama Canal Zone

george washington goethals

army engineer who was in charge of the Panama Canal

1914

Panama Canal open for use

speak softly and carry a big stick

roosevelt’s foreign policy

• venezuela

• Dominican republic

fill in the blanks

America intervened in financial issues in ________ and ________ _________

roosevelt corollary

expanded interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine (anything that follows as a natural or logical result of something else)

spheres of influence

large areas of China’s coast whose economic affairs and foreign trade were controlled by other world powers

european

fill in the blank

Roosevelt asked ________ powers to not use China as a colony

open door policy

forbade Europe to control or interfere with the rights of Asia

boxer rebellion

extremist anti-Western uprising in China causing America to send troops to protect their citizens

russo-japanese war

Japan declared war on Russia for expanding into Korea and Manchuria and Japan won

nobel peace prize

fill in the blank

Roosevelt won the _____ _____ _____ for negotiating a peace treaty between Russia and Japan (1905) 

japanese

fill in the blank

________ students in San Francisco’s school system were being discriminated against

gentleman’s agreement

Japanese government agreed to withhold passports from Japan laborers seeking to come to the US

great white fleet

Roosevelt sent a new naval fleet around the world to show America’s military might

taft

fill in the blank

roosevelt supported _____, his Secretary of War, who won an easy victory

taft

the largest man to ever serve as president

postal

fill in the blank

_______ saving system was established during the Taft administration

1912

New Mexico and Arizona were admitted to the Union

mann-elkins act

strengthened the power of the ICC

rule of reason

declaration by the Supreme Court that they would only prosecute trusts that used “unreasonable business practices”

dollar diplomacy

making allies through finances and trade instead of threats or force

• conservative

• progressive (bull moose)

fill in the blanks

The Republican Party split into the _________ and ________ (______ _______) Party

1. roosevelt

2. taft

fill in the blanks

_________ led the Progressive Party, ____ led the Conservative Party

woodrow wilson

fill in the blank

in the election 1912, the Progressives split the Republican vote allowing Democrat _________ _______ to win 

taft

the only man in history to serve first as president and then as Chief Justice of the US

underwood-simmons act

first major tariff revision since the Civil War; one of the most significant tariff acts in American History

16th amendment

created the federal income tax on 1913

federal reserve act

created a privately controlled central banking system under the control of the federal government

federal reserve bank

fill in the blank

the federal reserve act divided the nation into 12 banking districts with a ________ _________ _____ in each district

reserve requirement

% of deposits that member banks are required to hold on reserve

discount rate

rate of interest charged to member banks that borrow money from Federal Reserve Banks

federal trade commission (FTC)

investigated businesses engaged in interstate commerce to detect unfair trade practices

clayton antitrust act

declared certain business practices illegal

interlocking directorate

same men serving on the board of directors for several different companies

holding company

a corporation whose business held stock in other corporations (can create a monopoly)

nicaragua

fill in the blank

The US paid ________ $3 million for a perpetual option to build a canal through their land 

danish west indies

fill in the blank

The US purchased the ______ _____ _____ in 1920 for $25 million

virgin islands

They were used as a naval base to protect the Panama Canal 

victoriano huerta

fill in the blank

Mexico’s dictator ________ _____ was threatening American Businesses in Mexico 

venustiano carranza

fill in the blank

Huerta fled Mexico after ________ _______ took control of the government 

pancho villa

fill in the blank

Carranza’s former ally _______ _____ attacked American civilians in Texas

john j. pershing

sent to capture Pancho Villa

speaker of the house

one of the most powerful positions of the federal government

progressive amendments

.16-19th amendments

16th amendment

income tax.

17th amendment

changed the method of electing senators

18th amendment

national prohibition of alcohol

19th amendment

women’s right to vote

initiative

a percentage of voters can vote to pass a law without waiting for the legislature

referendum

a proposed law is referred to the voters

recall

an official may be removed from office before his term expires

primary election

registered voters decide by ballot which candidate will run against the opposing party candidate