Myers' Psychology for AP®, 2e, Module 29

cognitive map

a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it. (p. 297)

coping

alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. (p. 298)

emotion-focused coping

attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction. (p. 298)

external locus of control

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate. (p. 300)

extrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment. (p. 298)

insight

a sudden realization of a problem's solution; contrasts with strategy-based solutions. (p. 297)

internal locus of control

the perception that you control your own fate. (p. 300)

intrinsic motivation

a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake. (p. 297)

latent learning

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it. (p. 297)

learned helplessness

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events. (p. 299)

problem-focused coping

attempting to alleviate stress directly--by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. (p. 298)

self-control

the ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards. (p. 301)