Concepts of Care for Patients With Urinary Problems

Vocabulary flashcards covering urinary incontinence, cystitis, urethritis, urolithiasis, and urothelial cancer based on Chapter 58 lecture notes.

Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI)

Incontinence occurring when weak pelvic floor muscles and relaxed sphincter muscles allow abdominal pressure to force the urethra open and leak urine.

Urge Incontinence

Incontinence caused by an overactive bladder in which the detrusor muscle contracts before the bladder is full.

Overflow Incontinence

Incontinence related to an underactive bladder in which the detrusor muscle fails to contract.

Incontinence Types Mechanism Comparison

Diagram showing muscle tone and activity differences: Stress (too little tone), Urge (too much detrusor activity), Mixed (too much activity and too little tone), and Overflow (bladder cannot hold any more volume).

Functional Incontinence

Incontinence in patients with functional urinary tracts who cannot reach the bathroom in time to urinate due to limited mobility or cognitive function, often solved by providing a bedside urinal or commode.

Factors Contributing to UI in Older Adults

Contributing factors include drugs, disease, depression, and inadequate resources.

Risk Factors Increasing Urinary Incontinence

Risk increases with chronic conditions, vaginal deliveries and pelvic prolapse in women, and prostate problems in men.

Laboratory Assessment for Urinary Problems

Urinalysis testing for WBCs, RBCs, leukocyte esterase, and nitrates.

Imaging Assessment for Urinary Problems

Diagnostic modalities including bladder scan, residual check, CT of kidneys and ureters, VCUG, urodynamic testing, and EMG of pelvic muscles.

Complicated UTI

A urinary tract infection presenting with fever, flank pain, and chills in addition to lower urinary tract symptoms like frequency, urgency, and dysuria.

Urethritis

Inflammation of the urethra, most commonly caused by STIs, with symptoms including mucopurulent or purulent discharge, dysuria, itching, and discomfort.

Noninfectious Urethritis in Postmenopausal Women

Urethral inflammation caused by low estrogen levels.

Urolithiasis

The presence of calculi (stones) in the urinary tract, where urinary obstruction is treated as an emergency.

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

A procedure using X-rays to locate a kidney stone and focused shock waves from a shock-wave generator to break the stone.

Urothelial Cancer

Malignant tumors of the urothelium (bladder cancer), with tobacco use identified as the greatest risk factor.

Nonsurgical Management for Urothelial Cancer

Therapies including prophylactic immunotherapy with BCG, multi-agent chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Catheter Bacterial Colonization Timeframe

Bacterial colonization begins within 48 hours after an indwelling urinary catheter is placed.