Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) Revision

These flashcards cover key definitions and processes in the Cambridge IGCSE 0654 Co-ordinated Sciences syllabus.

Movement: __.

an action by an organism or part of an organism that causes it to change position or place.

Respiration: __.

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism.

Sensitivity: __.

the ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment.

Growth: __.

a permanent increase in size or dry mass.

Reproduction: __.

the process of making more of the same kind of organism.

Excretion: __.

removal of waste products of metabolism or substances in excess of requirement.

Nutrition: __.

taking in of material for energy, growth and development.

Diffusion: __.

net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration as a result of random movement.

Osmosis: __.

net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane.

Active transport: __.

net movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a concentration gradient using energy from respiration.

Enzymes: __.

proteins involved in all metabolic reactions, functioning as biological catalysts and do not get used up.

Diet: __.

provides all of the nutrients, in the correct amounts, needed to carry out the 7 life processes.

What is protein used for? __.

Growth and repair of cells, making enzymes, hormones, antibodies and transport molecules.

What is the deficiency of vitamin C called? __.

Scurvy.

How is rickets caused? __.

Deficiency of vitamin D.

What is calcium used for? __.

To make teeth and strong bones and involved in blood clotting.

What does iron do in the body? __.

Needed to make haemoglobin, the pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen.

Describe diffusion: __.

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration as a result of random movement.

What is the function of the mitochondria? __.

Where aerobic respiration takes place.

What do chloroplasts contain? __.

Chlorophyll, which carries out photosynthesis.

What does the cell membrane do? __.

Controls entry and exit of substances into the cell.

What are ribosomes responsible for? __.

The site of protein synthesis.

Identify one function of the vacuole in a plant cell: __.

Storage of cell sap containing sugars and salts.

Define homeostasis: __.

the maintenance of a constant internal environment.

What is the role of insulin? __.

Lowers blood sugar levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells.

How is glucagon involved in blood glucose control? __.

Increases blood sugar levels by converting stored glycogen back into glucose.

Active transport: __.

The movement of particles through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy.

What do decomposers do? __.

Get energy from dead or waste organic material.

A food chain shows: __.

The transfer of energy from one organism to another, starting with a producer.