Introduction to Biology and the Chemical Basis of Life

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering introductory biology concepts, biblical foundations, classification, biochemistry, macromolecules, and cell structures.

Science is defined as the study of natural events or phenomena in the __________ universe.

physical

The five characteristics of Science are Observable, Measurable, Testable, Falsifiable, and __________.

Reproducible

Genesis 1 describes creation as six literal 24 hour days approximately __________ years ago.

6,000

The Latin term __________ translates to "out of nothing" regarding God's creation of the universe.

Ex nihilo

Genesis 2:19-20 demonstrates taxonomy when man named and classified all __________.

animals

A __________ is defined as a set of presuppositions we hold about the basic makeup of the world.

worldview

The smallest, most basic unit of life is the __________.

cell

The state of maintaining an internal environment that acts within a set of physiological boundaries is called __________.

Homeostasis

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace both independently came to the conclusion that evolution occurs by a process called __________.

natural selection

All species of Hawaiian Honeycreepers evolved from one single species of __________.

finch

The discipline that classifies organisms according to a presumed evolutionary relationship is called __________.

Systematics

Four elements make up about 96% of the body weight of most living organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and __________.

nitrogen

According to the __________ rule, an outer electron shell is most stable when it contains eight electrons.

octet

Water molecules cling to other polar surfaces due to the property of __________.

adhesion

Normal human blood pH ranges from $7.35$ to __________ and is maintained by buffers.

$$7.45$$

Plants store glucose in the form of starch, whereas animals store glucose for short term storage as __________.

glycogen

The structural component of plant cell walls that is the most abundant of all organic molecules is __________.

Cellulose

Proteins are biological macromolecules composed of __________ monomers.

amino acid

In DNA complementary base pairing, Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with __________.

Guanine

In prokaryotic bacterial cells, the single circular chromosome is located in a region called the __________.

nucleoid

The inner membrane folds of a mitochondrion that increase its surface area are called __________.

cristae

In eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella share a common structural arrangement known as a __________ pattern of microtubules.

9+2

In woody plants, the secondary cell wall gains strength from the addition of __________.

Lignin

Science is defined as the study of natural events or phenomena in the _____ universe.

physical

The five characteristics of Science are Observable, Measurable, Testable, Falsifiable, and _____.

Reproducible

Genesis 1 describes creation as six literal 24 hour days approximately _____ years ago.

6,000

The Latin term _____ translates to "out of nothing" regarding God's creation of the universe.

Ex nihilo

Genesis 2:19-20 demonstrates taxonomy when man named and classified all _____.

animals

A _____ is defined as a set of presuppositions we hold about the basic makeup of the world.

worldview

The smallest, most basic unit of life is the _____.

cell

The state of maintaining an internal environment that acts within a set of physiological boundaries is called _____.

Homeostasis

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace both independently came to the conclusion that evolution occurs by a process called _____.

natural selection

All species of Hawaiian Honeycreepers evolved from one single species of _____.

finch

The discipline that classifies organisms according to a presumed evolutionary relationship is called _____.

Systematics

Four elements make up about 96% of the body weight of most living organisms: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _____.

nitrogen

According to the _____ rule, an outer electron shell is most stable when it contains eight electrons.

octet

Water molecules cling to other polar surfaces due to the property of _____.

adhesion

Normal human blood pH ranges from $7.35$ to _____ and is maintained by buffers.

$$7.45$$

Plants store glucose in the form of starch, whereas animals store glucose for short term storage as _____.

glycogen

The structural component of plant cell walls that is the most abundant of all organic molecules is _____.

Cellulose

Proteins are biological macromolecules composed of _____ monomers.

amino acid

In DNA complementary base pairing, Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with _____.

Guanine

In prokaryotic bacterial cells, the single circular chromosome is located in a region called the _____.

nucleoid

The inner membrane folds of a mitochondrion that increase its surface area are called _____.

cristae

In eukaryotic cells, cilia and flagella share a common structural arrangement known as a _____ pattern of microtubules.

9+2

In woody plants, the secondary cell wall gains strength from the addition of _____.

Lignin

The scientific method step where ideas begin to form about what could possibly be causing a reaction is called _____.

Exploration

An organism's level of organization that consists of all the populations of species interacting within a given area is a _____.

Community

All chemical reactions occurring within a cell are collectively referred to as _____.

metabolism

In binomial nomenclature, the first word of an organism's scientific name represents its _____.

genus

Unstable isotopes that decay and emit radiation are known as _____.

radioisotopes

A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons to complete their outer shell is a _____ bond.

covalent

Molecules that dissolve in water because they are polar or charged are described as _____.

hydrophilic

Water molecules cling to each other through hydrogen bonding due to the property of _____.

cohesion

A chemical solution with a pH below $7$ contains a higher concentration of _____ ions than hydroxide ions.

hydrogen

A chemical reaction that joins monomers together by removing a molecule of water is called a _____ synthesis reaction.

dehydration

Fats and oils are composed of triglycerides, which consist of one glycerol molecule attached to three _____ acids.

fatty

Unsaturated fats that contain carbon-carbon double bonds with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the bond are known as _____ fats.

trans

Lipids composed of four fused carbon rings without fatty acid tails are called _____.

steroids

The loss of a protein's three-dimensional shape and function due to changes in pH or temperature is called _____.

denaturation

Unlike DNA, RNA contains the sugar ribose and uses the nitrogenous base _____ instead of thymine.

Uracil

The model that describes the plasma membrane as a phospholipid bilayer with embedded, moving proteins is the _____ model.

Fluid Mosaic

The organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the _____.

ribosome

The organelle in the endomembrane system that sorts, repackages, and ships vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum is the _____.

Golgi apparatus

Organelles in plant cells that utilize solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates via photosynthesis are _____.

chloroplasts

In the extracellular matrix of animal cells, the fibrous protein that provides resilience and elasticity is _____.

Elastin