Dysphagia Quiz Two👅

What should you look for during a oral motor assessment?

Jaw thrust - Forward jaw movement during swallow

Tonic bite - involuntary jaw closure

Limited Tongue Movement - exactly what it sounds like

Functional Consequences of oral motor dysfunction

• poor weight gain

• prolonged mealtime

• social consequences

What are the three areas feeding specialists must evaluate?

Oral motor strength, Swallow safety, Oral sensory

Assessment outputs should answer what question?

"Can the child meet their needs safely, with the least stress for child and caregiver?"

What are some oral sensory ways in which young children might react to food?

hypersensitivity - gagging

hyposensitivity - overstuffing

mixed sensitivity - combination of hypo- and hypersensitivity

SOFFI model, what does it stand for?

Supporting Oral Feeding in Fragile Infants

What are some things the SOFFI model suggest you change to help your infant feed better? (only need to know one or two)

Optimal Positioning, Nipple Flow, rate changes, External Pacing, Thickening

what protections and structures do babies have to ensure they can drink from a bottle without choking?

High larynx, epiglottis-uvula contact, large buccal fat pads

how do babies’ lungs develop?

alveoli form, vascularization improves, type II cells produce surfactant (preventing alveolar collapse)

how do neurological structures form in babies?

brainstem develops first, cortex grows second (cortex promotes reflexes)

adaptive vs protective reflexes

adaptive reflexes: guiding feeding

protective reflexes: protecting airway

rooting reflex

baby turns head and opens mouth when cheek touched

suckling reflex

Tongue moves forward-backward when palate touched

tongue lateralization reflex

tongue moves toward touch on side of tongue

phasic bite reflex

jaw bites and releases when gums touched

gag reflex

tongue and throat contract when posterior tongue touched

cough reflex

forceful air expulsion when larynx is irritated

infant apnea

vocal fold closure to protect lungs (does not hurt the infant)

laryngeal chemoreflex is the specific reflex that causes…

infant apnea

what two things must be coordinated for safe feeding in neonates

suckling and swallowing coordination

What two actions must an infant be able to perform in order to be ready for weaning?

sit upright and bring hands to mouth

laryngeal penetration

bolus enters laryngeal vestibule

aspiration

bolus enters airway below vocal folds

prolonged apnea

airway stays closed too long after swallow (hurts the infant)

choking

solid bolus blocks airway, can be life-threatening

what are the 5 key differences between oral structures of infants versus an adult

1. oral cavity: smaller in infants, tongue fills most of mouth

2. buccal fat pads: prominent in infants, stabilize sucking

3. laryngeal position: high and anterior in infants

4. epiglottis: often touches or approximates soft palate in infants

5. respiration: infants are mainly nasal breathers